CHAPTER 2 POLSCI

What are non-hegemonic states

Pre-colonial states where power broadcast from the centre dissipated with distance; local autonomy coexisted with central authority.

What is lineage

Kinship ties based on family, clan, origin, and descent.

What are arbitrary borders

State boundaries reflecting imperial interests, not local realities.

What is irredentism

The desire to unite under one flag a community that is currently divided.

What is bureaucratic autocracy

Government relying on coercion, avoiding public representation and accountability.

What is indirect rule

Colonial administration using local intermediaries.

What is underdevelopment

Systematic holding back of a state's economic potential to serve imperial interests.

What is a monocrop economy

Economy over-reliant on one commodity.

What is a stateless society

Society without strictly defined territory or centralised political institutions.

What is a state elite

Educated and urban class owing privilege to access to state institutions.

Who described the colonial state as "alien to its core"

Crawford Young.

Who said borders were drawn "where no white man's foot ever trod"

Lord Salisbury.

Who said Africans "went into colonialism with a hoe, came out with a hoe"

Walter Rodney.

Who argued colonialism was the "pioneer of capitalism"

Bill Warren.

Who wrote Capitalism and Underdevelopment

Andre Gunder Frank.

Who wrote about underdevelopment and dependency in Black Africa

Samir Amin.

What are the three features of non-hegemonic states

1. Absence of state borders; 2. Free movement of people; 3. Power broadcast over limited range.

What are the two pre-colonial inheritances

Non-hegemonic states and lineage.

What are the seven elements of the colonial inheritance

1. Modern states; 2. Arbitrary boundaries; 3. Reinforced non-hegemonic state; 4. Weak state-civil society links; 5. Formation of state elites; 6. Economic inheritance; 7. Weak political institutions.

What was the stimulus for state formation in pre-colonial Africa

Economic surplus (trade, agriculture, mining, conquest).

Which conference carved up Africa in 1884-85

The Berlin Conference.

Which two African states escaped the Scramble for Africa

Ethiopia and Liberia.

What is the state-civil society matrix

Strong state + strong civil society = responsive democracy; Weak state + weak civil society = regime breakdown.

What were the three great pre-colonial empires of Mali

Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.

Which Malian king's hajj in 1324 saturated the gold market

Mansa Musa.

Which ethnic group in northern Mali rebelled in 1962, 1990, and 2012

The Tuareg.

What did the Tuareg declare in 2012

The independent state of Azawad.

Which country intervened militarily in Mali in 2013

France.

How many doctors did Mali have at independence

Ten.

How many professors did Mali have at independence

Twelve.