Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural space, the normally sealed space between the visceral and parietal pleura

Causes of Pneumothorax

Spontaneous Pneumothorax — may result from rupture of a small subpleural bleb

Causes of Pneumothorax

Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax — occurs in patients with underlying lung disease

Causes of Pneumothorax (Secondary Spontaneous, Examples)

COPD

Causes of Pneumothorax (Secondary Spontaneous, Examples)

Emphysema

Causes of Pneumothorax (Secondary Spontaneous, Examples)

Tuberculosis

Causes of Pneumothorax (Secondary Spontaneous, Examples)

Asthma

Causes of Pneumothorax (Secondary Spontaneous, Examples)

Pneumonia

Causes of Pneumothorax (Secondary Spontaneous, Examples)

Cystic fibrosis

Causes of Pneumothorax (Secondary Spontaneous, Examples)

Other chronic lung diseases

Causes of Pneumothorax

Traumatic Pneumothorax — occurs when trauma allows air to enter the pleural space

Causes of Pneumothorax (Traumatic, Examples)

Motor vehicle collision

Causes of Pneumothorax (Traumatic, Examples)

Stab wound

Causes of Pneumothorax (Traumatic, Examples)

Gunshot wound

Causes of Pneumothorax (Traumatic, Examples)

Rib fracture

Causes of Pneumothorax (Traumatic, Examples)

Blunt chest trauma

Causes of Pneumothorax

Iatrogenic Pneumothorax — a pneumothorax can occur as a complication of a medical procedure

Causes of Pneumothorax (Iatrogenic, Examples)

Central venous catheter insertion

Causes of Pneumothorax (Iatrogenic, Examples)

Thoracentesis

Causes of Pneumothorax (Iatrogenic, Examples)

Lung biopsy

Causes of Pneumothorax (Iatrogenic, Examples)

Mechanical ventilation

Causes of Pneumothorax (Iatrogenic, Examples)

Certain invasive procedures

Causes of Pneumothorax

Tension Pneumothorax — this is a life-threatening emergency

Causes of Pneumothorax

Tension Pneumothorax — air enters the pleural space but cannot escape effectively

Tension Pneumothorax Complications

Severe respiratory distress

Tension Pneumothorax Complications

Hypoxemia

Tension Pneumothorax Complications

Hypotension

Tension Pneumothorax Complications

Obstructive shock

Tension Pneumothorax Complications

Cardiovascular collapse

Hemothorax

The accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

Hemothorax

Normally, the pleural cavity contains only a small amount of lubricating fluid

Hemothorax

Blood enters the pleural space, usually because of injury or bleeding

Causes of Hemothorax (Trauma)

Blunt chest trauma

Causes of Hemothorax (Trauma)

Penetrating chest injury

Causes of Hemothorax (Trauma)

Rib fractures

Causes of Hemothorax (Trauma)

Motor vehicle accidents

Causes of Hemothorax (Trauma)

Falls

Causes of Hemothorax (Surgery or Procedures)

Thoracic surgeries

Causes of Hemothorax (Surgery or Procedures)

Cardiac surgeries

Causes of Hemothorax (Surgery or Procedures)

Invasive procedures

Causes of Hemothorax (Other Causes)

Certain vascular conditions

Causes of Hemothorax (Other Causes)

Bleeding disorders

Causes of Hemothorax (Other Causes)

Malignancy

Causes of Hemothorax (Other Causes)

Anticoagulant-associated bleeding