Test

Millions of Native people lived throughout the Americas in hundreds of diverse nations. They had different languages, governments, religions, economies, and cultures. This describes __________.

Native American populations before European settlement.

The Italian explorer who sailed for Spain and reached the Caribbean in 1492 is __________.

Christopher Columbus.

The movement of plants, animals, people, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and Europe, Africa, and Asia is known as the __________.

Columbian Exchange.

The Spanish system that allowed colonists to demand labor and payment from Native people, supposedly in exchange for protection and Christianity, is called the __________.

Encomienda System.

Spain’s colonial territory in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean was known as __________.

New Spain.

France’s territory in Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi River Valley, which heavily relied on the fur trade, is referred to as __________.

New France.

The buying and selling of animal skins, especially beaver pelts, is known as the __________.

Fur trade.

The first permanent English settlement in present-day Virginia, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company, is called __________.

Jamestowne.

The English colony founded in present-day Massachusetts by the Pilgrims in 1620 is known as __________.

Plymouth.

The Patuxet man who spoke English and helped the Plymouth settlers communicate, farm, and survive was __________.

Squanto.

The joint-stock company given permission by King James I to establish Jamestown is known as __________.

Virginia Company.

A powerful alliance of Native communities in the Chesapeake region led by Chief Powhatan when Jamestown was founded is called __________.

Powhatan Confederacy.

The daughter of Chief Powhatan who helped with communication between the Powhatan people and English settlers is __________.

Pocahontas (Matoaka).

The Powhatan leader who organized major attacks against English settlements in 1622 and 1644 was __________.

Opechancanough.

The early leader of Jamestown who required colonists to work and communicated with the Powhatan Confederacy was __________.

John Smith.

The Jamestown colonist who successfully grew tobacco as a profitable crop and married Pocahontas was __________.

John Rolfe.

Virginia’s major cash crop that made Jamestown profitable but increased the demand for land and labor is __________.

Tobacco.

The 1676 uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley involved conflict over Native land and was known as __________.

Bacon’s Rebellion.

People who worked for an employer for several years in exchange for passage to America, food, and shelter are called __________.

Indentured servants.

The forced capture, transportation, and sale of millions of African people into slavery, especially in the Americas, is referred to as __________.

African Slave Trade.

The deadly Atlantic Ocean journey that carried enslaved Africans to the Americas under cruel and crowded conditions is known as the __________.

Middle Passage.

A system in which enslaved people were treated as property for life is called __________.

Chattel slavery.

Laws that restricted the freedom and rights of enslaved Africans and protected slaveholders’ power are known as __________.

Slave Codes.

The New England Colonies include __________, __________, __________, and __________. Their economies focused on small farms, fishing, trade, and shipbuilding.

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire.

The Middle Colonies include __________, __________, __________, and __________. They were culturally diverse and known for grain farming and trade.

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware.

The Southern Colonies consist of __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________. Their economies depended heavily on cash crops and enslaved labor.

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.

The economic belief that colonies should provide raw materials and wealth to their mother country is known as __________.

Mercantilism.

The English laws that controlled colonial trade by requiring many goods to be carried on English ships and traded through England are called __________.

Navigation Acts.