Important Dates of Emperors 253 A.D. - 476 A.D.

Who was Gallienus?

• Emperor of the west

• (Sept. 253 - Sept. 268)

• Reigned for 15 years

Who was Valerian?

• Emperor of the east

• (mid 253 - June 260)

• Reigned for 7 years

Who was Postumus?

• Early emperor of the Gallic Empire

• (fall 260 - spring 269)

• Reigned for close to 10 years

• Later declared usurper

Who was Tetricus I?

• Late emperor of the Gallic Empire

• (spring 271 - spring/summer 274)

• Reigned for around 3 years

• Later declared usurper

Who are two of the emperors/usurpers of the Gallic Empire?

Postumus (first) and Tetricus I (fifth)

Who was Claudius?

• Emperor of both east and west

• (Sept. 268 - Aug./Sept. 270)

• Reigned around 2 years

Who was Quintillus?

• Emperor of both east and west

• (Sept. 270)

• Supposedly only 17 days

Who was Aurelian?

• Emperor of both east and west

• (Aug./Sept. 270 - Sept./Oct. 275)

• Reigned around 5 years

Who was Zenobia?

• Emperor of the Empire of Palmyra

• First half of 272

• Alongside Vaballathus

• Later declared usurper

Who was Vaballathus?

• Emperor of the Empire of Palmyra

• First half of 272

• Alongside Zenobia

• Later declared usurper

Who were the two emperors of Palmyra in the first half of 272?

Zenobia and Vaballathus

Who was Tacitus?

• Emperor of both east and west

• (Sept./Nov. 275 - June/July 276)

• Reigned for about a year

Who was Florianus?

• Emperor of both east and west

• (June-Aug. 276)

• Reigned for 88 days

Who was Probus?

• Emperor of both east and west

• (June 276 - fall 282)

• Reigned for about 6 years

Who was Carus?

• Emperor of both east and west

• (fall 282 - July 283)

• Reigned for about a year

Who was Carinus?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar (Nov. 282) and then promoted to Augustus (spring 283-mid 285)

• Caesar for about a year and Augustus for around 2 years

Who was Numerian?

• Emperor of the east

• Caesar (Nov. 282) and then promoted to Augustus (July 283 - Nov. 284)

• Caesar for about a year and Augustus for around a year

Who was Maximian and when did he rule?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar starting in 285 and then Augustus from 286 - 305

Who was Diocletian and when did he rule?

• Emperor of the east

• Reigned 284 - 305

Who was Carausius and when did he take power?

• Emperor of Britain

• Reigned 286 (- 293)

• Reigned for about 7 years

• Later declared usurper

Who was Allectus and when did he end his reign?

• Emperor of Britain

• (293 -) 296

• Reigned for about 3 years

• Later declared usurper

Who were the two emperors/usurpers of Britain?

Carausius and Allectus

Who was Constantius I and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar in 293, then Augustus from 305 - 306

Who was Galerius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• Caesar in 293, then Augustus from 305 - 311

Who was Severus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar in 305, then Augustus 306 - 307

Who was Maximinus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• Caesar in 305, then Augustus 310 - 313

Who was Constantine I and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• As Caesar controlled Britain, Gaul, and Spain in 306

• Augustus from 307 - 337

Who was Maxentius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Controlled Italy and Africa from 306 - 312

Who was Licinius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west and afterwards the east

• Controlled the west from 308 - 311

• Controlled the east from 311 - 324

Who was Crispus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar from 317 - 326

Who was Constantine II and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar from 317, then Augustus from 337 - 340 in Britain, Gaul, and Spain

Who was Constantius II and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• Caesar from 324, then Augustus 337 - 361

Who was Constans (300s) and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar from 333, then Augustus from 337 - 350

Who was Dalmatius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• Caesar from 335 - 337 in the Balkans and Greece

Who was Magnentius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 350 - 353

• Later declared usurper

Who was Decentius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar from 350 - 353

• Later declared usurper

Who was Constantius Gallus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• Caesar from 351 - 354

Who was Julian and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar from 355, then Augustus 360 - 363

Who was Jovian and when did he reign?

• Emperor of east and west

• 363 - 364

Who was Valentinian I and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 364 - 375

Who was Valens and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• 364 - 378

Who was Gratian and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 367 - 383

Who was Valentinian II and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 373 - 392

Who was Theodosius I and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• 379 - 395

Who was Arcadius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• 383 - 408

Who was Magnus Maximus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 383 - 388

• Later declared usurper

Who was Flavius Victor?

• Emperor of the west

• Reigned for about 4 years (384 - 388)

• Later declared usurper

Who was Eugenius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 392 - 394

• Later declared usurper

Who was Honorius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 393 - 423

Who was Theodosius II and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• 402 - 450

Who was Constantine III and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 407 - 411

• Later declared usurper

Who was Constans (400s) and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar from 408, Augustus 409 - 411

• Later declared usurper

Who was Constantius III and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 421

Who was Iohannes and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 423 - 425

• Later declared usurper

Who was Valentinian III and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Caesar in 424, Augustus 425 - 255

Who was Marcian and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the east

• 450 - 457

Who was Petronius Maximus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Not recognised by the east

• 455

• Later declared usurper

Who was Avitus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Not recognised by the east

• 455 - 456

• Later declared usurper

Who was Majorian and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Not recognised by the east

• 457 - 461

Who was Libius Severus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Not recognised by the east

• 461 - 465

Who was Anthemius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• 467 - 472

Who was Olybrius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Not recognised by the east

• 472

• Later declared usurper

Who was Glycerius and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Not recognised by the east

• 473 - 474

• Later declared usurper

Who was Julius Nepos and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Not recognised by east

• 474 - 475, then in exile until 480

Who was Romulus Augustus and when did he reign?

• Emperor of the west

• Not recognised by the east

• 474 - 476

• Later declared usurper

Who are eight western emperors that were unrecognised by the east?

• Petronius Maximus

• Avitus

• Majorian

• Libius Severus

• Olybrius

• Glycerius

• Julius Nepos

• Romulus Augustus