Chemistry Chapters 3-6: Compounds, Naming, Reactions, and the Mole

Practice fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering chemical compounds, ionic and molecular nomenclature, classification of matter, acid-base and precipitation reactions, molar mass, and stoichiometric mole ratios.

A compound is formed when two or more different elements join in a __________ ratio to form a new substance.

fixed

A cation is a positively charged ion typically formed by metals, whereas an anion is a negatively charged ion formed by __________.

nonmetals

An ionic bond is created by the electrical attraction between positive and negative ions, making the net overall charge of an ionic compound equal to __________.

$$0$$

When writing the chemical formula of an ionic compound, the __________ is always written first.

cation

To achieve electrical neutrality with a tin(IV) cation ($Sn^{4+}$), exactly __________ chloride ions ($Cl^-$) are needed, forming $SnCl_4$.

$$4$$

When naming a monatomic nonmetal anion, the end of the element's name is replaced with the suffix __________.

-ide

For transition metal cations with variable charges, __________ in parentheses are used to indicate the specific charge state.

Roman numerals

In the human body, sodium ions ($Na^+$) play a critical role in signal transmission between __________ cells.

nerve

In the heme structure shown below, __________ ions are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to body cells.

$$Fe^{2+}$$

In naming binary molecular compounds, the prefix used to denote the presence of four atoms of a nonmetal is __________.

tetra-

Binary acids consist of hydrogen and a nonmetal, and are named using the general form hydro- + nonmetal stem + __________ acid.

-ic

Oxoacids contain three elements in their chemical formula: hydrogen, oxygen, and a __________.

nonmetal

Chemical bases typically consist of a metal or polyatomic cation bonded to a(n) __________ anion ($OH^-$).

hydroxide

In any combustion reaction, __________ is always a required reactant.

$$O_2$$

A single replacement reaction can be identified because at least one of the reactants is an uncombined __________.

element

In a precipitation double replacement reaction, two aqueous ionic compounds react to form at least one product that is a __________.

solid

A neutralization reaction occurs between an acid and a base to yield an ionic salt and liquid __________.

$$H_2O$$

The complete balanced combustion equation for solid diboron hexahydride is $B_2H_6(s) + 3O_2(g) \rightarrow B_2O_3(s) + \text{\textunderscore\textunderscore\textunderscore\textunderscore\textunderscore\textunderscore\textunderscore\textunderscore\textunderscore\textunderscore}$

$$3H_2O(l)$$

The mole is a counting unit in chemistry where $1\,mol$ contains __________ representative particles.

$$6.02 \times 10^{23}$$

Avogadro's number is formally defined as the number of atoms contained in exactly $12\,g$ of __________.

$$^{12}C$$

The mass of one mole of any pure substance is known as its __________.

molar mass

The molar mass of $Fe(OH)_3$ calculated from atomic masses on the periodic table is __________.

$$106.88\,g\,mol^{-1}$$

Equal masses of different elements, such as $27.0\,g$ of $Al$ and $27.0\,g$ of $Fe$, contain different numbers of atoms because the elements have different __________.

molar masses

In a balanced chemical equation, the __________ indicate the mole ratio of the reacting particles and products.

coefficients

Given the balanced reaction $4Fe(s) + 3O_2(g) \rightarrow 2Fe_2O_3(s)$, complete reaction of $6.2\,mol$ of $Fe$ will produce __________ of $Fe_2O_3$.

$$3.1\,mol$$