Chapter 11: The Muscular System

Vocabulary flashcards covering the components, mechanics, and muscle groups of the muscular system from Chapter 11.

Origin

Attachment of a muscle tendon to the stationary bone.

Insertion

Attachment of the other muscle tendon to the movable bone.

Prime mover (agonist)

A muscle that contracts to cause the desired action.

Antagonist

A muscle that stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover.

Synergists

Muscles that steady a movement to prevent unwanted movements and help the prime mover function more efficiently.

Fixators

Muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that it can act more efficiently.

Muscles of Facial Expression

A group of 13 muscles comprising frontalis, occipitalis, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, buccinator, mentalis, platysma, orbicularis oculi, and levator palpebrae superioris.

Muscles that Move the Eyeballs

A group of 6 muscles consisting of superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, and inferior oblique.

Muscles that Move the Mandible

A group of 4 muscles consisting of masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid.

Muscles that Move the Tongue

A group of 2 muscles consisting of genioglossus and styloglossus.

Muscles of the Floor of the Oral Cavity

A group of 2 muscles consisting of digastric and stylohyoid.

Muscles that Move the Head

A group of 3 muscles consisting of sternocleidomastoid, semispinalis capitis, and splenius capitis.

Muscles that Act on the Abdominal Wall

A group of 5 muscles consisting of rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and quadratus lumborum.

Muscles used in Breathing

A group of 3 muscles consisting of diaphragm, external intercostals, and internal intercostals.

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

A group of 3 muscles consisting of levator ani (which includes pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus) and coccygeus.

Muscles of the Perineum

A group of 3 muscles consisting of superficial perineal muscles (bulbospongiosus) and deep perineal muscles (external urethral sphincter and external anal sphincter).

Muscles that move the pectoral girdle (Anterior thoracic muscles)

subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior.

Muscles that move the pectoral girdle (Posterior thoracic muscles)

trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboideus major, and rhomboideus minor.

Axial muscles that move the humerus

Muscles originating along the axial skeleton that move the humerus, consisting of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi.

Scapular muscles that move the humerus

Muscles originating on the scapula that move the humerus, consisting of deltoid, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, and coracobrachialis.

Forearm flexors

Muscles that move the radius and ulna, consisting of biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis.

Forearm extenders

Muscle that moves the radius and ulna, consisting of triceps brachii.

Forearm pronators

Muscles that move the radius and ulna, consisting of pronator teres and pronator quadratus.

Forearm supinator

Muscle that moves the radius and ulna, consisting of supinator.

Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and digits: Superficial anterior compartment (flexors) of the forearm

consisting of flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and flexor digitorum superficialis.

Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and digits, : Deep anterior compartment (flexors) of the forearm

consisting of flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus.

Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and digits, : Superficial posterior compartment (extensors) of the forearm

consisting of extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris.

Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and digits: Deep posterior compartment (extensors) of the forearm

consisting of abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus.

Muscles that move the femur, : Medial (Adductor) compartment of the thigh

consisting of adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis.

Anterior (extensor) compartment muscles that move the femur

Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius), Sartorius

Posterior (flexor) compartment muscles that move the femur,

Hamstrings (femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.)

Muscles that move the foot and toes, : Anterior compartment of the leg

consisting of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus.

Muscles that move the foot and toes: Superficial posterior compartment of the leg

consisting of gastrocnemius and soleus.

Muscles that move the foot and toes: Deep posterior compartment of the leg

consisting of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus.

Muscles that move the foot and toes: Lateral compartment of the leg

consisting of peroneus longus.

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

A group of 4 muscles consisting of the dorsal muscle extensor digitorum brevis, and plantar first layer (most superficial) muscles abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi.