Chapter 5 Anatomy and Charting - Part 1

when there are two sets of teeth, deciduous and permanent

diphyodont

when there is one set of teeth

monophyodont

when there are multiple sets of teeth

polyphyodont

when all teeth are the same shape and type although size may vary

homodont

when teeth are different shapes and types and have different functions

heterodont

what teeth have limited growth and a clear difference between root and crown

anelodont teeth

what are the two anelodont teeth

1. hypsodont

2. brachyodont

anelodont teeth that continue to grow throughout the animal's life where the crown is longer and the enamel below the gingival margic

hypsodont

hypsodont teeth that have a closed root apex where the exposed crown will wear away

radicular hypsodont

hypsodont teeth that have open root apex where the crow wears away and continues to grow

aradicular hypsodont

anelodont teeth that have a shorter crown and longer rooth wehre the enamel extends to the gingival margin

brachyodont

term for toward the crown

coronal

term for toward the apex

apical

term for chewing surface on molars

occlusal

term for along the margin of the gingiva

gingival

term for toward the midline

medial

term for away from the midline

distal

term for surface of teeth towards the lip

labial

term for surface of teeth towards the cheek

buccal

term for toward vestibule or lips

vestibular

term for surface of maxillary teeth toward the palate

palatal

term for surface of mandibular teeth toward the tongue

lingual

term for tip of the tooth

cusp

term for between teeth

interproximal

term for area where crown and root meet

cementoenamel junction

term for how teeth fit together

occlusion

term for above the gingiva

supragingival

term for below the gingiva

subgingival

the development of teeth

odontogenesis

the most visible portion of the tooth

crown

the crown is primarily made of what

enamel

what is the tip of the crown called

cusp

what is the strongest surface in the body

enamel

enamel is made of what

calcium hydroxyapatite crystals

what makes the enamel strong but brittle

mineral content

does the enamel heal itself

no

what is the thickness of the enamel layer of cats and dogs

Cats: 0.2mm

Dogs: 0.5mm

the majority of the tooth is what

dentin (70%)

dentin is made of what

70% hydroxyapatite crystals

30% collagen

dentin is made by what

odontoblasts

what are the three types of dentin

1. primary: forms prior to a tooth's eruption

2. secondary: develops after eruption

3. tertiary: forms in response to trauma

do younger animals have a thicker or thinner pulp cavity than older animals

thicker

what contains living tissue

root

the root is covered in what

cementum

the root is attached to the what

periodontal ligament

periodontal ligament attaches to what

alveolar bone

what is the root tip called

apex

mineralized connective tissue that covers the root

cementum

is cementum dull and pitted

yes

what makes cementum

cementoblasts

what penetrates the cementum to help hold the tooth in the alveolar bone

collagen fibers

the connective tissue in the periodontal ligament allows it to act like a what

shock absorber

the periodontal ligament is connected to tooth root and alveolar bone by what

sharpey's fibers

the living part of the tooth

pulp

what are the two portions of the pulp

pulp chamber (in the crown)

root canal (in the root)

what makes up the pulp

1. blood vessels

2. nerves

3. lymphatic

4. odontoblasts

teeth used to cut and pick up food

incisors

teeth to rip, tear, and hold food

canine

teeth to assist with tearing and chewing

premolars

teeth used for grinding

molars

what are the carnassial teeth located

upper fourth premolar

lower first molar

what is the puppy dental formulas

2x(3/3i, 1/1c, 3/3p) 28 teeth

what is the adult dog dental formula

2x(3/3I, 1/1C, 4/4P, 2/3M) 42 teeth

what is the kitten dental formula

2x(3/3i, 1/1c, 3/2p) 26 teeth

what is the adult cat dental formula

2x(3/3I, 1/1C, 2/3P, 1/1M) 30 teeth

what are the eruption dates for puppies

Incisor: 3-4 weeks

Canines: 3 weeks

Premolars: 4-12 weeks

Molars: 0

what are the eruption dates for adult dogs

Incisors: 3-5 months

Canines: 4-6 months

Premolars: 4-6 months

Molars: 5-7 months

what are the eruption dates for kittens

Incisors: 2-3 weeks

Canines: 3-4 weeks

Premolars: 3-6 weeks

Molars: 0

what are the eruption dates for adult cats

Incisors: 3-4 months

Canines: 4-5 months

Premolars: 4-6 months

Molars: 4-5 months

what teeth have 1 root in dogs

1. incisors

2. canines

3. 1st premolar

4. 3rd mandibular molar

what teeth have two roots in dogs

1. maxillary 2nd and 3rd premolars

2. mandibular 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars

3. mandibular 1st and 2nd molars

what teeth have three roots in dogs

1. maxillary 4th premolar

2. 1st and 2nd molars

what teeth have 1 root in cats

1. incisors

2. canines

3. maxillary 2nd premolar

what teeth have two roots in cats

1. maxillary 3rd premolar

2. mandibular 3rd and 4th premolars

3. mandibular 1st molar

what teeth have three roots in cats

maxillary 4th premolar

what is the most common method used when charting teeth

triadan system

what quadrant is the upper right

1 (5 if primary tooth)

what quadrant is upper left

2 (6 if primary tooth)

what is the lower left quadrant

3 (7 if primary tooth)

what is the lower right quadrant

4 (8 if primary tooth)

the mucosal tissue surrounding the tooth and covering the alveolar bone

gingiva

the gingiva consists of what

1. keratinized epithelial tissues

2. connective tissue

the gingiva is thicker over what teeth

1. canine

2. 4th upper premolar

3. molars

the space between the tooth and free gingiva

gingival sulcus

gingiva that is not mobile and is firmly attached to underlying structures

attached gingiva

gingiva that surrounds the tooth

free gingiva

what is the normal gingival sulcus in dogs and cats

Dogs: 1-3mm

Cats: 1mm

the tooth of the mouth

palate

palate that has the incisive, maxillary, and palatine bones with multiple ridges called rugae and has the incisive papilla which aids in smell and taste

hard palate

palate that continues to the pharynx

soft palate

the tongue extends from the attachment at what bone

basihyoid bone

what are the salivary glands

1. parotid

2. mandibular

3. sublingual

4. zygomatic

salivary gland that lies at the base of the ear and is V-shaped

parotid

caudal parotid salivary gland, you will find what

Mastoid part: sternocephalicus

Cervical part: cleidocephalicus

cranial parotid parotid salivary gland, you will find

Masseter muscle

Temporomandibular joint

the parotid produces what

seromucous saliva

gland that is oval shaped between the linguofacial and maxillary veins

mandibular

the mandibular duct opens at the base of what

frenulum

what are the sublingual glands

1. monostomatic

2. polystomatic

sublingual gland duct that opens in the sublingual caruncle adjacent to the rostral portion of the frenulum of the tongue

monostromatic