Shock

hypovolemic shock

shock caused by severe volume (blood or fluid) loss.

common causes of hypovolemic shock

severe bleeding, severe dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, burns

cardiogenic shock

shock by the heart’s failure to effectively pump blood and oxygen to the brain and other vital organs.

common causes of cardiogenic shock

congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias

obstructive shock

shock caused by a physical blockage obstructing blood flow in or out of the heart.

common causes of obstructive shock

cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax

distributive shock

shock caused by the abnormal dilations of blood vessels

the three types of distributive shock

septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic

septic shock

shock caused by bacteria in the bloodstream

septic shock causes

systemic vasodilation and increased cellular permeability

anaphylactic shock

shock caused by a severe allergic reaction that affects two or more body systems

anaphylactic shock causes

systemic vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

neurogenic shock

shock caused by an injury to the brain or spinal cord that leads to the loss of sympathetic nervous system signals to blood vessels and the heart.

neurogenic shock causes

systemic vasodilation due to disrupted synapses

treatment of shock

keep warm, elevate legs (if not spinal precautions), administer oxygen, and treat the specific cause

three stages of shock

compensated. decompensated, irreversible

compensated shock

early stage, body attempts to maintain homeostasis, increased heart rate, normal blood pressure

decompensated shock

late stage, inadequate perfusion, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure

irreversible shock

final stage, death of cells and tissues, decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure