BOTANY 400 - Lecture Exam 3

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Description and Tags

Botany

Plant Systematics

Taxonomy

Rosids

Oaks

UW-Madison

15 Terms

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Order Fagales

Order in the Rosids
- Part of Nitrogen-Fixing Clade
Wind-Pollinated Trees
Unisexual Flowers in Catkins
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistils with 2 to 3 Carpels
Nut: Boney One-Seeded Fruit

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Family Fagaceae (Oaks & Allies)

670 Species in 7 Genera
Large Deciduous Trees
North Temperate Distribution
Simple Leaves
Nut enclosed by Subtending Bracts
Includes Beeches (Fagus), Oaks (Quercus), & Chestnuts (Castanea)
Family in Order Fagales

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Genus Fagus (Beeches)

Genus in Family Fagaceae
Trees with Smooth & Gray Bark
Distributed in North Temperate, Deciduous, & Mesic Forests
Non-Lobed Leaves with Pinnate Venation
Female Flowers with Two Pistils surrounded by One Set of Bracts
- Produces Two Nuts

<ul><li><p>Genus in Family Fagaceae</p></li><li><p>Trees with Smooth & Gray Bark</p></li><li><p>Distributed in North Temperate, Deciduous, & Mesic Forests</p></li><li><p>Non-Lobed Leaves with Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Female Flowers with Two Pistils surrounded by One Set of Bracts</p><ul><li><p>Produces Two Nuts</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

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Genus Quercus (Oaks)

Genus in Family Fagaceae
- Half of Family
Large Trees with Vertically Ridged Bark
Hybridizing & Taxonomically Challenging Group
Distributed in Woodland, Mesic, Xeric, & Savannah Environments
Deeply Pinnately Lobed Leaves
Female Flowers with Bracts Below
Bracts form Woody Cupule of Acorn
White, Red, & Bur Varieties

<ul><li><p>Genus in Family Fagaceae</p><ul><li><p>Half of Family</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Large Trees with Vertically Ridged Bark</p></li><li><p>Hybridizing & Taxonomically Challenging Group</p></li><li><p>Distributed in Woodland, Mesic, Xeric, & Savannah Environments</p></li><li><p>Deeply Pinnately Lobed Leaves</p></li><li><p>Female Flowers with Bracts Below</p></li><li><p>Bracts form Woody Cupule of Acorn</p></li><li><p>White, Red, & Bur Varieties</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Genus Castanea (Chestnuts)

Genus in Family Fagaceae
Trees with Vertically Ridged Bark
American Species Originally Distributed in Central Eastern States
Non-Lobed Leaves with Serrate Margins & Pinnate Venation
Two Female Flowers per Spiny Involucre
Nuts with Fluffy-Looking Wrapper

<ul><li><p>Genus in Family Fagaceae</p></li><li><p>Trees with Vertically Ridged Bark</p></li><li><p>American Species Originally Distributed in Central Eastern States</p></li><li><p>Non-Lobed Leaves with Serrate Margins & Pinnate Venation</p></li><li><p>Two Female Flowers per Spiny Involucre</p></li><li><p>Nuts with Fluffy-Looking Wrapper</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Family Juglandaceae (Walnuts, Hickory, & Pecans)

Monoecious Trees
Pinnately Compound & Alternate Leaves
- Often Aromatic from Resinous Peltate Glands
- Allelopathic Defense
Wind-Pollinated & Unisexual Flowers
Nut surrounded by Involucral Bracts that become Fleshy
Family in Order Fagales

<ul><li><p>Monoecious Trees</p></li><li><p>Pinnately Compound & Alternate Leaves</p><ul><li><p>Often Aromatic from Resinous Peltate Glands</p></li><li><p>Allelopathic Defense</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Wind-Pollinated & Unisexual Flowers</p></li><li><p>Nut surrounded by Involucral Bracts that become Fleshy</p></li><li><p>Family in Order Fagales</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Male Flowers of Juglandaceae

Flowers arranged in Pendulous Catkins
Grow on Older Stems
Small Calyx & Absent Corolla
Each Flower Bracted
Three to Many Stamens
Absent Gynoecium

<ul><li><p>Flowers arranged in Pendulous Catkins</p></li><li><p>Grow on Older Stems</p></li><li><p>Small Calyx & Absent Corolla</p></li><li><p>Each Flower Bracted</p></li><li><p>Three to Many Stamens</p></li><li><p>Absent Gynoecium</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Female Flowers of Juglandaceae

Flowers in Small Groups
Grow on Year’s New Growth
Small & Persistent Calyx often Fused to Involucral Bracts
Absent Corolla
Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels
- 2 Feathery Stigma
Absent Stamen

<ul><li><p>Flowers in Small Groups</p></li><li><p>Grow on Year’s New Growth</p></li><li><p>Small & Persistent Calyx often Fused to Involucral Bracts</p></li><li><p>Absent Corolla</p></li><li><p>Inferior & Syncarpic Pistil with 2 Carpels</p><ul><li><p>2 Feathery Stigma</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Absent Stamen</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Floral Formula of Juglandaceae

CA3-6 CO0 A3-♾ OR CA4 CO0 ^-G^-(2)

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Examples of Juglandaceae

Black Walnut (Juglans nigra): Tree with Pinnate Compound Leaves & Prized Dark Lumber
Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata): Tree with Distinct Flakey Bark & Colorful Bud Scales

<ul><li><p>Black Walnut (<em>Juglans nigra</em>): Tree with Pinnate Compound Leaves & Prized Dark Lumber</p></li><li><p>Shagbark Hickory (<em>Carya ovata</em>): Tree with Distinct Flakey Bark & Colorful Bud Scales</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Family Betulaceae (Birches & Allies)

110 Species in 6 Genera
North Temperate Distribution
Trees & Shrubs
Both Male & Female Flowers in Separate Catkins
Absent Perianth (Calyx & Corolla)
Small Nut or One-Seeded Samara with 3-Lobed Bracts
Family in Order Fagales

<ul><li><p>110 Species in 6 Genera</p></li><li><p>North Temperate Distribution</p></li><li><p>Trees & Shrubs</p></li><li><p>Both Male & Female Flowers in Separate Catkins</p></li><li><p>Absent Perianth (Calyx & Corolla)</p></li><li><p>Small Nut or One-Seeded Samara with 3-Lobed Bracts</p></li><li><p>Family in Order Fagales</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Examples of Betulaceae

Birches (Betula): Trees with Pale Bark & Dark Spots
Other Examples: Hazelnut (Corylus), Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya), & Alders (Alnus)

<ul><li><p>Birches (<em>Betula</em>): Trees with Pale Bark & Dark Spots</p></li><li><p>Other Examples: Hazelnut (<em>Corylus</em>), Hop Hornbeam (<em>Ostrya</em>), & Alders (<em>Alnus</em>)</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Pepo Fruit

Fruit of Family Cucurbitaceae
Modified Berry with Leathery Rind
Grow on Vines
Examples: Cucumber, Pumpkins, Squashes, Melons, & Gourds

<ul><li><p>Fruit of Family Cucurbitaceae</p></li><li><p>Modified Berry with Leathery Rind</p></li><li><p>Grow on Vines</p></li><li><p>Examples: Cucumber, Pumpkins, Squashes, Melons, & Gourds</p></li></ul><p></p>

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