dental science bones of the face (notes)

what 2 bones form the cheek bones, lateral walls, and floor of orbit?

zygomatic bones

what do the zygomatic bones contact with?

frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and maxillary bones

what are the zygomatic bones?

the 2 bones that form the cheek bones, lateral walls, and floor of orbit

what are the processes of the zygomatic bones?

maxillary process, frontal process, and temporal process (all named after the bone they articulate with)

how is the zygomatic arch formed?

by the temporal process of the zygomatic bones and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

what bones for the upper jaw and part of the hard palate?

maxillary bones (2)

what joint is between the two maxillary bones at the midline called?

maxillary suture (articulates with may different bones)

what are the four processes of each maxillary bone?

zygomatic process, alveolar process, palatine process, and frontal process

what are the two main parts of each maxillary bone?

a body and the four processes

what are the maxillary sinuses?

the largest sinuses - air filled spaces

what are the largest sinuses?

maxillary sinuses

what is the maxillary tuberosity?

a large, rounded ares on the outer surface, behind the most distal maxillary molar (3rd molar)

what is the canine eminence?

a bony ridge over the maxillary canine

where is the incisive foramen found?

on the palintine process, behind maxillary centrals

what does the incisive foramen carry?

nerves and blood vessels

what is the incisive papilla?

a bulge of soft tissue covering the incisive foramen

what is the canine eminence covering?

the root and socket of the maxillary canine

what its the incisive papilla covering?

the incisive foramen

what is the alveolar process?

the bone that hold the roots of the teeth

what bone holds the roots of the teeth?

the alveolar processs

what is the infraorbital foramen?

the hold in the bone below the eyesocket/orbit

what is the only freely movable bone of the skull?

the mandible

what is the largest and strongest facial bone?

the mandible

what does the mandible articulate with?

the temporal bone and maxillary bones through occlusion of teeth

how does the mandible articulate with the maxillary bones?

through the occlusion of teeth

what is the mental protuberance?

the bony prominence of the chin

where is the mandibular symphysis?

at the midline

what is the mandibular symphysis?

a faint ridge at the midline where the right/left halves fuse together

where is the mental foramen?

between the apices of the mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars

where is anything with “mental” in the name located?

on the mandible

what is the horizontal portion inferior to the mental foramen?

the body of the mandible

what is the ramus?

the vertical portion of the mandible - a flat palate of bone

what is the coronoid process?

the anterior border of the ramus (thin, sharp, and triangular)

where is the coronoid notch?

on the anterior area on the anterior portion of the ramus

what its the thickened posterior border of the ramus?

the angle of the mandible

what is the mandibular notch?

the area between the coronoid process and the condyle

what is the condyle?

where the mandible articulates with the temporal bone

what are the genial tubercles?

the muscle attachments on the dorsal portion (near the midline) of the mandible

where is the retromolar triangle?

just posterior to the 3rd molar area

what is the retromolar pad?

tissue that covers the retromolar triangle

where is the sublingual fossa?

on either side of genial tubercles

what is the sublingual fossa?

where the sublingual salivary glands rest

what is the submandibular fossa?

area of the posterior mandible where submandibular salivary glands rest

what is the mandible canal?

where the inferior alveolar nerve is housed

what is the mandibular foramen?

the opening on the lingual portion of the mandible where the inferior alveolar (IA) nerve enters the mandibular canal

what is the lingula?

a boney spine that overhangs the mandibular foramen

what is the glenoid fossa also called?

articular fossa or mandibular fossa

what is the glenoid fossa?

on the temporal bone where condyle of mandible articulates

what is the vomer?

a single bone at the midline that forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum

where is the vomer located?

the nasal cavity

what bone has no muscle attachments and few articulations?

the vomer

what is the smallest and most fragile facial bone?

the lacrimal bones

what are the lacrimal bones?

irregularly shaped, paired, thin plates of bone that form part of the orbit (eyesockets)

what is the nasal lacrimal duct?

carries tears from the lacrimal gland down the lacrimal duct

what are the nasal bones?

paired bone that form the bridge of the nose

what do the nasal bones articulate with?

with each other at the midline and with the frontal bone/frontal process of the maxillary bone

what is are the inferior nasal conchae?

paired bones that project form the axilla to form part of the walls of the nasal cavity

what do the inferior nasal conchae look like?

thin cancellous bone - scroll like in shape

what is the purpose of the inferior nasal conchae?

increase the surface of the nasal cavity and increase mucous production and sense of smell

what are palatine bones?

paired bones in the skull

what forms the palatine bones?

horizontal plates, vertical plates, lesser palatine foramen, and greater palatine foramen

what are the horizontal plates of the palatine bones?

form the posterior portion of the hard palate

what are the vertical plates of the palatine bones?

form part of the nasal cavity and orbit

what is the grater palatine foramen of the palatine bones?

posterior lateral region of the horizontal plate, found near the apex of the 3rd molars

what is the landmark for local anesthetic injections?

the grater palatine foramen

what are the sinuses?

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoidal

what are the paranasal sinues?

paired air filled cavities in bone

what do paranasal sinuses act as?

resonating chambers for sound and affect your voice

what is primary sinusitis?

mucous membranes become inflamed and congested with mucous due to allergies or sickness- can feel like a tooth ache

what is secondary sinusitis?

an infection form another source such as an infected tooth

what is a perforation?

an abnormal hole in a bone

what can cause a perforation?

an infection or an extraction

where are perforations usually located?

in the floor of the sinus

what are the largest sinuses?

maxillary sinuses

what joint allows for talking and chewing?

the TMJ

how is the mandible attached to the skull?

ligaments

what is the TMJ?

bilateral joints on the side of the head

what is the TMJ made up of?

condyle, glenoid fossa, and articular eminence

where is a condyle?

aka condyloid process - rests in the glenoid fossa

what is the glenoid fossa?

a depression in temporal bone

what is the articular eminence?

raised portion of bone just anterior to the glenoid fossa

what are the two jaw movements?

hinge and gliding

what is the hinge jaw movement?

allows for opening and closing

what is the gliding jaw movement?

allows for forward, backwards, and side-side motion

what is the jaw movement made of?

ligaments and a disc

what are TMD symptoms?

pain, joint sounds, and limitations in movements

what sounds can the jaw make when TMD occurs?

clicking or popping

what causes TMD?

bruxism, trauma, arthritis, disc displacement, and muscle tension