coasts

what is a cusp

formed by rip currents —crescent shaped

spring tide/////neap tide

spring tide=highest and lowest low tide 2times a month happens when the sun and moon aligne

neap tide=low high tide/low tide when the moon and sun are at 90*

what is a birds foot delta

distributaries build out in a branching out pattern

ocean currents

permanent or seasonal movement of sea/ocean water

sediment cell

stretch of coastline whithen which sediment is largely self contained

rip currents

moving away from the coastline

longshore currents

waves approach shoreline at an angle

ridges

foreshore areas dip into runnel paralell to shoreline shallow

managed re-alignment

coastal procceses to realign the natural coastline configuration

eustatic change

changes in the volume of water in the global ocean

order of headland erosion

fault→cave→arch→colapsed arch→stack→stump

landslip vs rotational slip

landslip=linear slip plane rotational=curved slip plane

Felixstowe port jobs

3,500 jobs 45%felixstowe jobs

hold the line-felixstowe

maintain/upgrade or replace coastal defences

soft engineering at felixstowe

beach nourishment -80,000 cubed meters —managed retreat

felixstowe port

48% of uk trade generates 60billion for national economy

what are tides

periodic rise and fall of the ocean

what is a transgression/regression

transgression=sea coming on to the land

regression=sea retreating from the land

tourism at mangawhai-pakiri coastline

2015-2.3million tourists

advance the line felixstowe

build new defences where land reclamation is significant

how much did the London artisan levels fall by in the 19th-20th century

90 meters

Ria

submerged river valleys formed as sea levels rise

hard engineering at Felixstowe

-wooden groyne -fishtail groyne -rock armour -curved sea wall

tombolo

beaches that connect the main land to an island

littoral zone

area between the extreme high and extreme low water of the spring tides

sand mining impacts at the mangawai spit

losing eco systems -removing habitats -loss of surfing