chapter 7 vocab part 2

cystoscopy

visual examination of the urinary bladder

cystostomy

new opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

diabetes insipidus

abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst)

diabetes mellitus

lack of insulin secretion (type 1) or improper utilization of insulin by cells (type 2) leads to hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia

diuresis

increased excretion or urine by the kidneys. a diuretic is an agent, such as tea, coffee, or water, that increases this

dysuria

painful urination

edema

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces

electrolyte

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

enuresis

bed-wetting; literally “in urine”

erythropoietin

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production in bone marrow

essential hypertension

high blood pressure due to no apparent cause

filtration

process by which some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other type of material

glomerular capsule

cup-like structure that surrounds each glomerulus; collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of glomeruli in the kidney

glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney. as blood flows through each of these, waste materials and other substances are filtered form the bloodstream

glycosuria

sugar in the urine

hematuria

blood in the urine

hemodialysis

removal of nitrogenous waste from the blood in patients whose kidneys have stopped functioning. blood leaves the body and circulates through a machine that removes wastes before sending the blood back into the body through a vein

hilum

depression or hollow in the surface of an organ, such as the kidney and lung. it is the area where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the organ

hydronephrosis

abnormal condition of excess backup fluid (urine) in the kidney