med term chap 6

kidneys

2 bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column. functions to remove waste products from blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances

nephron

urine-producing microscopic structure

glomerulus

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron

renal pelvis

funnel-shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

ureters

2 slender tubes, approx 10-13 in. long that receive urine from the kidney and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

urinary bladder

muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine

urethra

urine passes through urinary to outside of the bladder

urinary meatus

opening through the urine passes of the outside

cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder, sac

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

albumin/o

albumin

blast/o

developing cell, germ cell

glyc/o, glycos/o

sugar

hydr/o

water

lith/o

stone, calculus

noct/i

night

olig/o

scanty, few

urin/o, ur/o

urine, urinary tract

-iasis, -esis

condition

-lysis

loosening, dissolution, separating

-ptosis

drooping, sagging, prolapse

-tripsy

surgical crushing (of the stones)

-uria

urine, urination

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-pexy

surgical fixation

azotemia

urea in the blood in which waste products are in the blood that are normally excreted by the kidney, also called uremia

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

cystocele

protrusion of the bladder

cystolith

stones in the bladder

hydronephrosis

abnormal condition of water in the kidney

nephritis

inflammation of kidney

nephroblastoma

kidney tumor containing developing germ cells - also called Wilms tumor

nephrolithiasis

condition of stones in the kidney

nephroma

tumor of the kidney

nephromegaly

enlargement of kidney

nephroptosis

drooping kidney, also called floating kidney

pyelitis

inflammation of renal pelvis

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

ureteritis

inflammation of ureter

ureterocele

protrusion of the ureter

ureterolithiasis

condition of stones in the ureter

ureterostenosis

narrowing of the ureter

urethrocystitis

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

uremia

urine (urea nitrogen) in the blood

epispadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

hypospadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis

polycystic kidney disease

condition in which the kidneys contain many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine

renal calculus

stone in the kidney (also nephrolithiasis)

renal failure

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintains electrolyte balance

renal hypertension

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of inability to urinate

urinary suppression

sudden stoppage of urine formation

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

acute renal failure (ARF)

a rapid severe reduction in renal function resulting in a collection of metabolic waste in the body. Prompt treatment can reverse the condition and recovery can occur

Chronic kidney disease

unlike ARF, is a progressive, irreversible loss of renal function and the onset of uremia. Dialysis and kidney transplant are used in treating this disease

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

chronic kidney disease is called when kidney function is too poor to sustain life

cystectomy

excision of bladder

cystolithotomy

incision into the bladder to remove stones

cystostomy

creation of artificial opening in the bladder

lithotripsy

surgical crushing of stones using shock waves

nephrolithotomy

incision into the kidney to remove stones

nephrolithotripsy

surgical crushing of stones in the kidney using shock waves

nephropexy

surgical fixation of the kidney

pyeloplasty

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shock waves. stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine

fulguration

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark

renal transplant

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

radiographic imaging of the bladder in the urethra. radiographic images are taken of the bladder before and during urination

renogram

radiographic record of the kidney ( a nuclear medicine test, used to evaluate kidney function)

KUB - kidney, ureter, bladder

simple radiographic image of the abdomen - to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

BUN - blood urea nitrogen

blood test that measures the amount of urea. Increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function

SG - specific gravity

test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys

UA - urinalysis

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen. visual exam and chemical analysis provides screening for blood, glucose, protein, and other substances in the urine

albuminuria

albumin in the urine

Anuria

absence of urine

Dysuria

difficult or painful urination

glycosuria

sugar in the urine

hematuria

blood in the urine

nephrology

study of the kidney

nocturia

night urination

oliguria

scanty urine

polyuria

too much urine

pyuria

pus in the urine

urology

study of the urinary tract

diuretic

agent that promotes the formation and excretion of urine

prolapse

displacement of an organ form its normal position

transurethral

pertaining to through the urethra

catheter (cath)

flexible, tube-like device, such as urinary catheter, for withdrawing and instilling fluids

electrolytes

minerals in the body such as sodium and potassium that carry an electrolyte charge

enuresis

involuntary urination

nocturnal enuresis

bed wetting

diurnal enuresis

day time urination

hemodialysis

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of the inability of the kidney to do so

urinary incontinence

inability to control bladder and/or bowels causing leakage of urine