Lower Leg OIANs

Tibialis Anterior Origin

Lateral condyle and proximal half of lateral surface of tibia, adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Tibialis Anterior Insertion

Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform bone and base of 1st metatarsal bone

Tibialis Anterior Action

Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Tibialis Anterior Nerve

Deep fibular nerve

Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin

Medial surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Extensor Hallucis Longus Insertion

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Extensor Hallucis Longus Action

Extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint

Extensor Hallucis Longus Nerve

Deep fibular nerve

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Origin

Dorsolateral aspect of calcaneus, inferior extensor retinaculum of foot, and talocalcaneal interosseous ligament

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Insertion

Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Action

Extends great toe

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Nerve

Deep fibular nerve

Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin

Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of fibula, and adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Extensor Digitorum Longus Insertion

Dorsal aspects of bases of both the middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Extensor Digitorum Longus Action

Extends toes 2-5; dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint

Extensor Digitorum Longus Nerve

Deep fibular nerve

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Origin

Dorsolateral aspect of calcaneus, inferior extensor retinaculum of foot, and talocalcaneal interosseous ligament

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Insertion

Extensor expansion of second to fourth toes

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Action

Extends toes 2-4

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Nerve

Deep fibular nerve

Fibularis Tertius Origin

Medial surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Fibularis Tertius Insertion

Dorsal aspect of base and body of 5th metatarsal bone

Fibularis Tertius Action

Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Fibularis Tertius Nerve

Deep fibular nerve

Fibularis Longus Origin

Head and lateral surface of fibula, adjacent intermuscular septa

Fibularis Longus Insertion

Plantar surface of medial cuneiform bone and base of first metatarsal bone

Fibularis Longus Action

Everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; assists in plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

Fibularis Longus Nerve

Superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis Brevis Origin

Lateral surface of fibula and adjacent intermuscular septa

Fibularis Brevis Insertion

Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone

Fibularis Brevis Action

Everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; assists in plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

Fibularis Brevis Nerve

Superficial fibular nerve

Gastrocnemius Origin

Lateral and medial condyles of femur, lateral supracondylar line, and popliteal surface of femur

Gastrocnemius Insertion

Posterior surface of calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon

Gastrocnemius Action

Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint; flexes leg at knee joint

Gastrocnemius Nerve

Tibial nerve

Soleus Origin

Head of fibula, posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia

Soleus Insertion

Posterior surface of calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon

Soleus Action

Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint.

Soleus Nerve

Tibial nerve

Plantaris Origin

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

Plantaris Insertion

Posterior surface of calcaneus

Plantaris Action

Assists in plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint; assists in flexion of leg at knee joint

Plantaris Nerve

Tibial nerve

Popliteus Origin

Groove for popliteus muscle

Popliteus Insertion

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

Popliteus Action

Medially rotates leg at knee joint; "unlocks" knee joint at beginning of knee flexion

Popliteus Nerve

Tibial nerve

Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin

Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Flexor Hallucis Longus Insertion

Plantar aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Flexor Hallucis Longus Action

Flexes great toe, plantarflexes foot at ankle joint

Flexor Hallucis Longus Nerve

Tibial nerve

Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin

Posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line

Flexor Digitorum Longus Insertion

Plantar aspects of bases of the distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Longus Action

Flexes toes 2-5, plantarflexes foot at ankle joint

Flexor Digitorum Longus Nerve

Tibial nerve

Tibialis Posterior Origin

Posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior surface of fibula, and adjacent interosseous membrane of leg

Tibialis Posterior Insertion

Tuberosity of navicular bone, plantar aspects of medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones, and plantar aspects of bases of second to fourth metatarsal bones

Tibialis Posterior Action

Inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, plantarflexes foot at ankle joint

Tibialis Posterior Nerve

Tibial nerve

Abductor Hallucis Origin

Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum of foot, and plantar aponeurosis

Abductor Hallucis Insertion

Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Abductor Hallucis Action

Abducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Abductor Hallucis Nerve

Medial Plantar Nerve

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Origin

Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Insertion

Plantar aspects of bodies of middle phalanges of toes 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Action

Flexes toes 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Nerve

Medial Plantar Nerve

Abductor Digiti Minimi Origin

Medial and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis

Abductor Digiti Minimi Insertion

Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

Abductor Digiti Minimi Action

Abducts and flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Abductor Digiti Minimi Nerve

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Quadratus Plantae Origin

Medial and lateral aspect of plantar surface of calcaneus

Quadratus Plantae Insertion

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Quadratus Plantae Action

Assists in flexion of toes 2-5

Quadratus Plantae Nerve

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Lumbricals Origin

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Lumbricals Insertion

Extensor expansion

Lumbricals Action

Simultaneously flexes metatarsophalangeal joint and extends interphalangeal joints of toes 2-5

Lumbricals Nerve

1st & 2nd: Medial Plantar Nerve 3 &4:Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Origin

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones; tendon of tibialis posterior

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Insertion

Medial and lateral aspects of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Action

Flexes great toe

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Nerve

Medial Plantar Nerve

Adductor Hallucis Origin

Oblique head: plantar aspects of bases of 2-4 metatarsal bones and tendon of fibularis longus transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints and deep transeverse metatarsal ligament

Adductor Hallucis Insertion

Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Adductor Hallucis Action

Adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Adductor Hallucis Nerve

Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Flexor Digiti Minimi Origin

Plantar aspect of base of fifth metatarsal bone

Flexor Digiti Minimi Insertion

Plantar aspect of base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe

Flexor Digiti Minimi Action

Assists in flexion of little toe

Flexor Digiti Minimi Nerve

Superficial Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Plantar Interossei (3) Origin

Medial aspects of base and body of 3-5 metatarsals

Plantar Interossei (3) Insertion

Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx 3-5 toes; extensor expansion

Plantar Interossei (3) Action

Adducts toes 3-5 at metatarsophalangeal joints; simultaneously flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints of toes 3-5

Plantar Interossei (3) Nerve

1&2: Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve 3: Superficial Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve

Dorsal Interossei (4) Origin

Lateral aspect of body of metatarsal bone and medial aspect of metatarsals

Dorsal Interossei (4) Insertion

Extensor expansion

Dorsal Interossei (4) Action

Abducts toes 2-4 at metatarsophalangeal joints; simultaneously flex metatarsophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of toes 2-4

Dorsal Interossei (4) Nerve

1-3: Deep Branch Lateral Plantar Nerve; 4: Superficial Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve