Furmanski Pathogenesis/Cancer Therapy

What are the more common types of cancer in men vs women?

women: breast, lung and bronchus, colorectal

men: prostate, lung and bronchus, colorectal

From 1974 to 2020, describe the cancer statistics of male, both, and female incidence and mortality.

incidence: bumps occur bc of standard testing, male > both > female which levels off at the end of timeline

mortality: decreases due to early detecting and newer treatment emergence

What is the gold standard for effectiveness of treatment?

5 year survival rate

colorectal cancer has significant ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic disparities. When does the US preventive services task force recommend to get screened?

40 years

What is cancer characterized with?

1. abnormal growth control/metastasis/immortal/lethal to host

2. loss of differentiated tissue

3. evade host defenses; invade surrounding tissue and circulation

Treament is based on the tumor classification. What are thet types?

1. carcinoma: epithelial

2. sarcoma: mesychymal

3. hematopoietic: blood forming

4. neuroectodermal: brai tissue, neural cells

5. melanoma, SCLC, TUO

development of cancer is due to an accumulation of what changes and where do they occur?

1. genetic and epigenetic chenages

2. changes in oncogenes (drive cancer) and suppressor (inhibitory) genes

SEQ process of cancer development on a cellular level

normal, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia(precancer), anaplasia (cancer)

• tumor grace I, II, III

SEQ process of cancer development on a tissue level

normal, carcinoma in situ (anaplastic), locally invasive, local/regional metstasis(LN), distant metastasis

• tumor stage TNM stages 0, I to IV

T/F cancer development takes a long time

true

T/F There are multiple molecular pathways to the development of colon cancer

true

what is the origin and epigenetic changes involved in the development of cancer?

1. born with: inherited, germline, congenital, nature

2. occured: acquired, somatic, sporadic, nurture

10%/90% of causes of cancer

10%: inherited

90%: occured during course of our lives

• sporadic: result of environment

• spontaneous events: DNA replication errors or epigenetic marking

what are the most preventable environmental causes of cancer?

smoking, body weight, alcohol, UV exposure, diet

what is the goal/objective of cancer therapy?

increase pt survival, tumor free interval and qol.

eliminate as many tumor cells as possible while killing as few essential normal cells as possible

what is the most common treatment of chemotherapy and what is the strategy?

adjuvant therapy uses a combo of different moa and minimal overlapping tox.

• use drugs at or near MTD’s w ext periods betw cycles to allow recovery of marrow

• reduce probability of developing resistance

tumor determinants

therapeutic agents image

host determinants