Wk 2 Spinal Anatomy Cervical Spine and Occiput

Landmarkings, Ligaments, and Processes

What cervical bone is B1

Atlas

What cervical bone is B2

axis

What cervical bone is B3

C7 - last atypical bone of cervical, also called vertebra prominens

What thoracic bone is B4

T1 - first atypical bone of thoracic

What thoracic bone is B5

T12 - last bone of thoracic spine

What lumbar bone is B6

L1 - first bone of lumbar spine and where the thoracolumbar transition is

What lumbar bone is B7

L5 - Last lumbar bone and forms the lumbosacral joint

What sacral bone is B8

Sacrum that has 5 fused bones and connects to the hip bones via the sacroiliac joint

What sacral bone is B9

Coccyx that had 3 fused bones

What bone is B1 in the superior view

Atlas

What cervical bone has no vertebral body

Atlas

What is the atlas composed of (3)

1. anterior arch

2. posterior arch

3. two lateral masses

What landmark is L2 on the Atlas

transverse process

What landmark is L3 on the Atlas

posterior arch

What landmark is L4 on the Atlas

posterior tubercle

What landmark is L5 on the Atlas

Anterior tubrcle

What landmark is L6 on the Atlas

foramen of the transverse process

What landmark is L10 on the Atlas

superior articular facet

What cervical bone is B2 in the superior view

Axis

What landmark is L7 on the Axis

Anatoid Process (DENS)

What landmarks on the Dens articulates with the fovea dentalis (2)

1. anterior odontoid facet

2. posterior odontoid facet

What landmark is L2 on the Axis

transverse process

What landmark is L3 on the Axis

Lamina

What landmark is L1 on the Axis

Spinous Process

What landmark is L9 on the Axis

Superior articulating facct

What landmark is L1 on the typical cervical bones

Spinous Process

What landmark is L3 on the typical cervical bones

lamina

What landmark is L2 on the typical cervical bones

Transverse Process

What landmark is L6 on the typical cervical bones

Transverse Foramen

What landmark is L8 on the typical cervical bones

Vertebral Body

What landmark is L9 on the typical cervical bones

Superior articulating facet

What Cervical bones and landmarking does the vertebral artery pass through

C6-C1 Foramina

What nerve is found passing through the groove of a typical cervical transverse process and what structure is the groove

The ventral ramus nerve and the transverse-process sulcus

What projection do you need to be able to see the cervical pedicles

oblique projection

Are thoracic processes bifid or non-bifid

non-bifid

Is the C7 process bifid or non-bifid

C7 is non-bifid

Is C2-C6 bifid or non-bifid

bifid

Is the Atlas bifid or non-bifid

the atlas does not have a spinous process

What is the ligament that holds the odontoid process in place

transverse atlantal ligament

What are the synovial joints in the spine and what mobility do they have

known as zygapophyseal joints found on the superior and inferior articular facets and they are freely movable

What are the symphysis joints and what mobility do they have

known as intervertebral discs found between two vertebral bodies and they are slightly moveable

What are syndesmoses joints and are they moveable

known as ligaments found connecting vertebral arches and processes and no they do not move

What are uncinate processes

raised lips on lateral aspects of superior endplates

What are semilunar facets

depressions on lateral aspects of inferior endplates

What are the Joints of Von Luschka

Synovial Joint that articulates the uncinate process and semilunar process

What goes through the vertebral foramen

spinal cord

what forms the zygapophyseal joint

inferior articular process of one vertebra and superior articular process of another vertebra

What is the articular pillar

column of bone formed by the superior and inferior articular processes

What is the intertubercular lamella

the lateral formation that connects the tubercles

what is the groove on the transverse process

sulcus of transverse process

What goes through the tranverse foramen

vertebral artery, venous plexus, and sympathetic nerve fibers

What are the pedicles of the cervical vertebrae

short bridges that are midway off of the vertebral body and are superior and inferior vertebral notches

What are the cervical laminae

posterior narrow ridges that form the spinous process

What does the atlas not have (4)

1. vertebral body

2. pedicles

3. laminae

4. spinous process

What is the fovea dentalis

smooth articular surface of the posterior aspect of surface of anterior arch

What attaches the ligament nuchae

posterior tubercle

What is the atlanto-occipital articulation

superior articular surfaces of the atlas that articulate with the occipital condyle

What is the primary movement of the atlanto-occipital articulation

flexion and extension of the head

What is the atlanto-axial articulations

inferior articular surfaces of the atlas that articulate with the superior articular surfaces of the axis

What is the primary movement of the atlanto-axial articulation

right and left rotation of the head

What is the Colliculus atlantis

small tubercles that are on the medial margin of superior articular facet

What is the attachment site of the transverse ligament

colliculus atlantis

What is the posterior odontoid facet

crossed by the transverse ligament, which forms a synovial joint and holds the dens against the fovea dentalis of atlas

Where are the pedicles of the axis

located between the dens and articular surfaces

What is the Median atlanto-axial joint

two synovial joints are formed between the dens and the anterior arch of atlas

What are the lateral atlanto-axial joints

two zygapophysial joints that are formed between the inferior articular surfaces of C1 and the superior articular surfaces of C2

What are inferior vertebral notches

two shallow grooves between the posterior aspect of the inferior articular surface and posterior ach junctions

What do vertebral notches create

IVF with C2

What is IVF (intervertebral foramen)

Lateral window that the spinal nerves exit out of

What are Semilunar facets

almost like scoops that articulate with uncinate process of C3 and on the inferior side of vertebrae

Where is the Basilar Process located

located anterior to the foramen magnum

What is the cervico-thoracic junction

transition segment from C7 to T1

What does the basilar process articulate with

articuate with the sphenoid bone and temporal bones

What is the Clivis

intersection of the basilar process and the sphenoid bones

what is the foramen magnum

opening at the moster inferior portion of the skullWh

What passes through the foramen magnum

medulla oblongata (brain stem)

What are occipital condyles

convex surfaces on either side of the anterior half of foramen magnum

What is the ligament that the medial aspects of the occipital condyles tubercles attach to

alar ligament

What is the squamous portion

flat portion of bon posterior to foramen magnum

What is the external occipital protuberance (EOP)

prominent tubercle at the posterior portion of the occiput

Where is the superior nuchal line

Lateral of EOP

Where is the inferior nuchal line

Lateral to external occipital crest

What is the InternalOccipital Protuberance (IOP)

Small tubercle located directly internal from the EOP

What movement happens at Atlanto-Occipital Joint

flexion and extension

What movement happens at Atlanto-Axial joint

rotation

What area does whip lash commonly effect

flexion and extension between C4-6

What bar is the red arrow pointing to

intratrabecular bar

What bar is the blue arrow pointing to

posterior bar

What bar is the purple arrow pointing to

anterior bar