cell injury

Which organ is more susceptible to O2?

the brain

How injured a cell is generally depends on these 3 things

type of injury, intensity, and duration.

Why do we use radiation to kill cancer cells

cancer cells are rapidly dividing

Where's the most vulnerable site of cell

membrane

Pyknosis

nucleus shrinks

karyorrhexis

nucleus breaks into fragments

karyolysis

nucleus breaks away

necrosis

cell death that is noticeably distinguishable from healthy cells

Focal extensions of membrane during reversible cell injury

Blebs

What can happen to chromatin during reversible injury

turns into heterochromatin or clumped up chromatin

when atp is broken down in ischemia, what are the byproducts

purines

during ischemia, what enzyme is converted to what

xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase

What happens to the ph during anaerobic glycolysis

it lowers due to lactic acid

Labile cells

healthy cells that constantly divide and replace

Post mitotic cell meaning

cell that has finished dividing and wont again.

explain restoration of permanent cells

they don't divide as they're post mitotic so don't hurt them. Skeletal muscle has satellite cells that are able to help the muscle recover despite their permanent cells. Cardiac muscle and neurons don't have the benefits of the satellite cells.

Explain the recovery of stable cells

they stay in a resting phase unless they are stimulated at injury to regenerate.

What are a few of the stable cell regeneration stimulants?

inflammatory mediators and cytokines.

Wether sublethal damaged cells are repaired with scar tissue come down to these 4 things

cell type, injury, senescence (age), and nutrition

How__the injury is from the__determines how likkely the nerve will survive

far, cell body

the names of the 5 grades on nerve damage scale

neurapraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis

tmesis

cutting