fetal heart unit 2

Basic four-chamber view rules out -

75-90% of cardiac defects

basic four chamber view routine exam includes

• outflow tracts

• 3 vessel view

• 3 vessel trachea view

• aortic arch & ductus arteriosus

Fetal echo targeted scan is designated for -

high-risk population

fetal echo exam duration -

45-60 minutes

for fetal structural information -

10-16 weeks

after 18 weeks -

more detailed information is available

optimal time for a fetal echo -

18-22 weeks

fetal situs -

• stomach on left

• relationship of stomach with the diaphragm

many anomalies are seen from 4 chamber view, but more are seen if -

great vessels are imaged

LA is closest to -

spine

Apex 45 degrees to -

left anterior chest wall

aorta seen opening -

towards the LV

Foramen ovale opens -

towards the LA

Moderator band is located in

Right ventricle

four chamber heart view is the -

• most important

• easiest to obtain

The four chamber view evaluates for -

• 2 atria

• 2 ventricles

• valves

• interventricular septum

• interatrial septum

four chamber is obtained in the -

transverse plane

The heart takes up -

1/3 of the chest cavity

45 degrees with a standard deviation of -

7 degrees

2 standard deviations above the mean sets the upper limits of normal at -

57 degrees

Situs solitus -

normal position: descending Ao, apex, stomach on left

Situs Inversus -

descending Ao, apex, stomach on right

Situs Ambiguous / mesocardia -

• apex in midline

• heterotaxy syndrome

heterotaxy syndrome -

atypical position of the heart

Dextrocardia is when -

heart is in right chest with apex pointed to right of thorax

In dextrocardia the -

descending Ao, stomach on left, apex on right

Dextrocardia can be associated with -

• normal visceral situs

• situs inversus

• situs ambiguous