Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured 12th Edition - Chapter 30: Chest Injuries

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:

the intercostal muscles contract

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung

If a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged:

minute volume will decrease

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:

must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume

An open pneumothorax is

an open chest wound through which air moves during breathing

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the

diaphragm

A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is MOST suggestive of a

myocardial contusion

Hemoptysis is defined as:

coughing up blood

Which of the following organs or structures does NOT reside within the mediastinum?

lungs

When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will MOST likely find

signs and symptoms of shock

The _____ nerves supply the diaphragm

phrenic

A simple pneumothorax:

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:

C3, C4, and C5

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all the following, except:

collapsed jugular veins

Pneumothorax is defined as:

accumulation of air in the pleural space

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation

Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called:

pleurisy

a flail chest occurs when

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

Patients with rib fractures will commonly:

breathe rapidly and shallowly.

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:

might rise as high as the nipple line

When the chest impacts the steering wheel

during a motor vehicle crash with rapid

deceleration, the resulting injury that kills

almost one third of patients, usually within

seconds, is:

aortic shearing

Signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, except:

hematemesis

During your assessment of a patient who was stabbed, you see an open wound to the left anterior chest. Your MOST immediate action should be

cover the wound with an occlusive dressing

When caring for a patient with signs of a pneumothorax, your most immediate concern should be

ventilatory inadequacy

What purpose does a one-way "flutter valve" serve when used on a patient with an open pneumothorax?

it allows the release of air trapped in the pleural space

Signs of a cardiac tamponade include all of

the following, EXCEPT:

collapsed jugular veins.

A patient experienced a severe compression to the chest when trapped between a vehicle and a brick wall. You suspect traumatic asphyxia due to the hemorrhage into the sclera of his eyes and which other sign?

cyanosis in the face and neck

A 14-year-old baseball player was hit in the chest with a line drive. He is in cardiac arrest. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

commotio cordis

A paradoxical chest movement is typically seen in patients with

a flail chest

A 40-year-old man, who was the unrestrained driver of a car hit a tree at a high rate of speed, struck the steering wheel with his chest. He has a large bruise over the sternum and an irregular pulse rate of 120 beats/min. You should be most concerned that he

has injured his myocardium