Anatomy Lab Appendicular muscles actions and some origins and insertions

Muscles Acting on the shoulder: Anterior

• Pectoralis Minor

• Serratus Anterior

*Pectoralis Minor

• Action scapular protraction and acts as an accessory muscles of inspiration

• Origin: 3rd-5th ribs

• Insertion: coracoid process of the scapula

Serrartus Anterior

Helps scapular protraction and is also an accessory muscles of inspiration

Muscles Acting on the shoulder: Posteriorly

• Trapezius

• Levator Scapulae

• Rhomboid Minor

• Rhomboid Major

*Trapezius

• Action: extends neck, elevate and superiorly rotate scapula, retract scapula, depress scapula

• Origin: Superior nuchal line of the occipital lobe

• Insertion: acromion on scapula

Levator Scapulae

• Action: elevates and inferiorly rotates the scapula

Rhomboid Minor and Rhomboid Major

• Action: Retract and inferiorly rotate the scapula

Muscles Acting on the Arm

• pectoralis major

• latissimus dorsi

• deltoid

• teres major

• coracobrachialis

*Pectoralis Major

• Action: aids in flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the shoulder

• Origin: medial clavicle, sternum body, costal cartilages

• Insertion: sulcus of humerous

Latissimus dorsi

• Action: pronation, adduction, and extension of the arm

Deltoid

• Action: flex and medially rotate the shoulder, abduct shoulder, extend and laterally rotate the shoulder

Teres major

• Action: aids in shoulder extension, adduction, and medial rotation

Coracobrachialis

• Action: flexion of the arm

Rotator Cuff Muscles

• Supraspinatus

• Infraspinatus

• Teres minor

• Subscapularis

Supraspinatus

• Action: abducts the shoulder

Infraspinatus

• Action: adducts and laterally rotates the shoulder

Teres Minor

• Action: Adduct and laterally rotate the shoulder

Subscapularis

• Action: medial rotation of the shoulder, but it also helps with shoulder adduction

Muscles Acting on the Forearm: Bellies in the Arm

• Brachialis

• Biceps Brachii

• Triceps brachii

Brachialis

• Action: Flexion of the elbow

Biceps Brachii

• Supinate the forearm

Triceps brachii

• Action: Extends shoulder and elbow

Muscles Acting on the Forearm: Bellies in the Arm

• Brachioradialis

• Pronator Quadratus

• Pronator teres

• supinator

Brachioradialis

• Action: flexes the elbow

Pronator Quadratus

• Action: pronates the forearm

Pronator Teres

• Action: pronates the forearm

Supinator

• Action: Supinates the forearm

Muscles Acting on the wrists/Hands: Anterior flexor compartment

• Flexor carpi radialis '

• Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Flexor Digitorum superficialis

• Palmaris Longus

• Flexor Retinaculum

Flexor Carpi radialis

• Action: flexes wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Action: flexes wrist

Flexor Digitorum superficialis

• Action: flexes digits 2-5 middle phalanges

Palmaris Longus

• Elbow flexion and tightening of palmar aponeurosis

Flexor Retinaculum

• Action: Connective tissue that bridges the carpal bones to form the roof of the carpel tunnel

Muscles Acting on the wrist/hands: Anterior flexor (deep)

• Flexor Digitorum profundus

• Flexor pollicis Longus

Flexor Digitorum profundus

• Action: flexes the distal phalanges (digits 2-5)

Flexor Pollicis Longus

• Action: Flexes thumb (Pollex)

Muscles Acting on the wrist/hand: Posterior extensor compartment (superficial)

• Extensor carpi radialis longus

• extensor digitorum

• extensor digiti minimi

• extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Action: extends wrist

Extensor digitorum

• Action: extends the fingers digits 2-5

Extensor digiti minimi

• Extends the pinky (digit 5)

Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Action: extends wrists

Muscles Acting on Wrist/hands posteripor extensor (deep)

• Abductor Pollicis Brevis

• opponens pollicis

• Adductor Pollicis

• Abductor Digiti Minimi

Abductor pollicis brevis

• Action: abducts the thumb

Opponens pollicis

• Action: rotates and moves thumb to touch other fingers (opposition)

Adductor pollicis

• Action: adducts the thumb

Abductor Digiti minimi

• Abducts the pinky digit 5

Anterior Muscles of the Hip (look inside pelvis)

• iliacus

• psoas Major

iliacus

• Action: flex the thigh

psoas major

• Action: flex the thigh

Lateral and Posterior Muscles of hip

• Tensor Faciae Late

• gluteus maximus

• Gluteus medius

• Gluteus minimis

Tensor fasciae latae

• Action: flexes and abducts the hip

*Gluteus maximus

• Action: extends and abducts the hip

• origin: iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx

• insertion: linea aspera of femur

Gluetus medius

• Action: abducts and medially rotates the hip

gluteus minimis

• Action: Abducts and medially rotates the hip

Lateral and Posterior muscles of the hip

• Piriformis

• Quadratus lumborum

Piriformis

• Action: laterally rotate the hip

Quadratus lumborum

• Action: Aids respiration by stabilizing the diaphragm and rib 12

Medial (Adductor) compartment of the thigh

• Adductor Brevis

• Adductor longus

• Adductor mangus

• gracilis

Adductor Brevis

• adducts and medially rotates the thigh

Adductor Longus

• Action: Adducts and medially rotates the thigh

Adductor mangus

• Action: Adducts and medially rotates the thigh

Gracilis

• Action: adducts the thigh

Anterior (extensor) compartment of the thigh

• rectus femoris

• vastus lateralis

• vastus medialis

• vastus intermedius

• sartorius

Rectus femoris

• Action: extends knee

vastus Lateralis

• Action: extends knee

vastus medialis

• Action: extends knee

vastus intermedius

• Action: extends knee

*Sartorius

• Action: flexes the knee

• origin: iliac bone

• insertion: medial side of the tibial tuberosity

Posterior (flexor) compartment of thigh

• Bicep femoris

• semitendinosus

• semimembranosus

Bicep femoris

• Action: knee flexion

Semitendionosus

• Action: extends the thigh, flexes the knee

semimembranosus

• Action: flexes the knee

Anterior (extensor) compartment of the leg

• Extensor Digitorum Longus

• Extensor hallucis longus

• tibialis anterior

Extensor Digitorum longus

• Action: extends digits 2-5

Extensor Hallucis longus

• Action: extends big toe (hallux)

tibialis anterior

• Action: dorsiflex the foot

Posterior (Flexor) compartment of the leg superficial

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

Gastrocnemius

• Action: plantar flex foot

Soleus

• Action: Plantar Flex foot

Posterior (Flexor) compartment of the leg Deep

• Flexor Digitorum Longus

• Flexor Hallucis Longus

• Tibialis posterior

Flexor Digitorum Longus

• Action: Flex digits 2-5

Flexor hallucis longus

• Action: Flexes Hallux (big toe)

Tibialis posterior

• Action: plantar flex foot

Lateral (fibular) compartment of the leg

• fibularis longus

• fibularis brevis

Fibularis longus

• Action: plantar flex foot and evert the foot (eversion)

Fibularis brevis

• Action: plantar flex foot and evert the foot (eversion)