Chp. 6 Skeletal System - Everything else LEC (4/4)

Three types of joints

Synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous

Describe a synovial joint and give an exmaple

Freely moveable joint; e.g. knee, elbow, hip

Describe a fibrous joint and give an example

No movement; skull

Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example

Slightly moveable joints; pubic symphysis, between vertebrae

Two divisions in the skeletal system

Axil and appendicular

Three components of the axial skeleton

Head, neck, trunk or Skull, vertebral column, ribs+sternum

Four components of appendicular skeleton

Upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

Four vertebra column regions IN ORDER (top to bottom)

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral (+ coccygeal)

The pectoral girdle (shoulders and blades) is a part of the axil skeleton. (T or F)

False

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

How many sacrum vertebrae are there?

1

How many coccyx vertebrae are there?

1

Function of the atlas vertebrae

Holds the head, nod head “yes”

Is the atlas or the axis C1?

Atlas

What is C2 called?

Axis

Function of the axis

Rotate head, shake head “no”

Functions of the vertebral column (6)

Support, maintain balance, point of attachment, absorb shock, protect spinal cord, movement

Function of thoracic cage

To protect vital organs

How many pairs of ribs do humans have?

12

What are the 3 parts of the sternum from top to bottom?

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Which pairs of ribs are the true ribs?

1-7

Which pairs of ribs are false ribs?

8-12

Which pairs of ribs are floating ribs?

11-12

What is a true rib?

A rib directly connected to the sternum by cartilage

What is a floating rib?

A rib that is not attached to the sternum

What is a false

A rib that is indirectly attached to the sternum

What to boxes is the pectoral girdle made up of?

Clavicle and scapula

What is the pelvic girdle made up of?

Left and right hip bones snd sacrum

Where and what is the pubic symphysis?

Piece of cartilage between two pelvic bones

Name the inferior and posterior part of the hip bone

Ischium

Name the hip socket

Acetabulum

Name the inferior and anterior part of the hip bone

Pubis

Name the flat and superior region of the hip bone

Ilium

What is a synarthrosis joint?

A fibrous or nonmovable joint

What is a diarthrosis joint?

A synovial or freely moving joint

What is aamphiarthrosis joint?

A cartilaginous or slightly movable joint

Describe an abduction movement

A movement AWAY from the midline

Describe an adduction movement

A movement TOWARD the midline

Describe a pronation movement

A rotation of the forearm to palm facing down (left hand- clockwise)

Describe supination movement

Rotation of forearm to palm facing up (right hand- clockwise)

Describe flexion

Bending

Describe extension

Straightening out EXtending (like EXtension)

Describe hyperextension

Extending a joint beyond zero point

Define osteology

Study of bones

Define arthrology

Study of muscles

Define kinesiology

Study of musculoskeletal movement