physics

Newton's Laws of Motion

These laws explain how forces affect the motion of objects, from falling apples to rockets.

Energy Conservation

This principle states that energy can't be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.

Waves and Sound

Sound travels in waves, creating vibrations that we can hear and feel.

Electricity

The flow of electric charge, vital for powering circuits and devices.

Thermodynamics

The study of heat transfer, shedding light on why we feel cold drafts at home.

First Law of Motion

An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by a force.

Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force acting on it.

Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

Potential Energy

Stored energy based on an object's position or state.

Formulas for Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is calculated using the formula $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$.

Formulas for Potential Energy

Potential energy is calculated using the formula $PE = mgh$.

Mechanical Energy

The sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system.

Frequency of a Wave

The number of waves that pass a point in a second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

Amplitude of a Wave

The height of the wave, related to its energy and intensity.

Sound Speed

Sound travels faster in solids than in liquids and gases due to closer particle arrangement.

Electric Current

The flow of electric charge, measured in Amperes (A).

Voltage

The difference in electric potential energy per charge, measured in Volts (V).

Resistance

The opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in Ohms (Ω).

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Entropy

A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

Heat Transfer

The process of thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler one.

Conduction

Heat transfer through direct contact between materials.

Convection

Heat transfer through the movement of fluids, like air or water.

Radiation

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, like sunlight.

Insulation

Materials that slow down heat transfer, helping to keep spaces warm or cool.