Excitatory NT

Acetylcholine

• aids memory

• Attention

• Muscle movement

Too much Acetylcholine

Muscle spasms

Too little acetylcholine

• Alzheimer’s

• Paralysis

Epinephrine

• fight or flight response

• Treats anaphylaxis & cardiac arrest

Too much epinephrine

• anxiety

• High blood pressure

Glutamate

• aids in memorize

• Learning

• Movement

• Major excitatory NT

Too much glutamate

Epileptic seizures

Norepinephrine

• Controls alertness & arousal

• boosts mood & learning

Too much norepinephrine

Anxiety

Too little norepinephrine

• depression

• Mood disorders

Substance P

• pain perception

• Psychiatric conditions

• Immune response

Too much substance p

• high pain sensitivity

• Major depressive disorder (MDD)

• Anxiety

• PTSD

Too little substance p

• low pain sensitivity

• Low anxiety and depression

SP release in amygdala is important for anxiety response