IU H105 Chapters 10–11 Study Terms

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering the 39 study terms from IU H105 Chapters 10–11.

Gabriel's Rebellion

A planned 1800 slave uprising in Virginia; revealed enslaved people's resistance; heightened white fears and repression.

Marbury v. Madison

An 1803 Supreme Court decision; established judicial review; strengthened the Court's lasting constitutional authority.

Thomas Jefferson

Third president who favored limited government; bought Louisiana and pursued an embargo; expanded the nation and western settlement.

James Madison

Fourth president during the War of 1812; defended U.S. sovereignty; the war encouraged nationalism.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 purchase of French territory; roughly doubled U.S. territory; accelerated western settlement and Native dispossession.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

The 1804–1806 exploration of western territory; gathered geographic information; encouraged further U.S. expansion.

Embargo Act of 1807

A ban on American overseas trade; tried to pressure Britain and France; harmed merchants and encouraged domestic manufacturing.

Impressment

British forced recruitment of sailors, including from U.S. ships; violated maritime rights; helped provoke the War of 1812.

Battle of Tippecanoe

An 1811 clash between Harrison's army and Native warriors; damaged Prophetstown; heightened conflict before the War of 1812.

William Henry Harrison

Indiana territorial governor and military commander; fought Native resistance; his military fame helped him win the presidency.

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader who organized Native resistance to U.S. expansion; formed an intertribal alliance; became a symbol of Native sovereignty.

War Hawks

Congressmen demanding war against Britain; pressed for the War of 1812; encouraged assertive American nationalism.

Creek War

1813–1814 conflict involving Creek factions and U.S. forces; Jackson defeated the Red Sticks; led to enormous Creek land losses.

Battle of New Orleans

Jackson's 1815 victory over British troops; boosted national pride; established his military reputation.

Hartford Convention

1814–1815 New England Federalist meeting criticizing the war; exposed regional grievances; contributed to the party's decline.

Feme Covert

Legal status of married women under coverture; limited independent legal and property rights; spurred later rights reforms.

Missouri Compromise

1820 deal admitting Missouri slave and Maine free while limiting slavery in part of Louisiana territory; balanced the Senate; postponed sectional conflict.

Henry Clay

Kentucky statesman and compromise broker; promoted the American System and Missouri Compromise; shaped national economic and sectional debates.

Monroe Doctrine

1823 warning against new European colonization in the Americas; asserted U.S. regional interests; influenced later foreign policy.

John Quincy Adams

Diplomat, secretary of state, and sixth president; shaped major treaties and supported national improvements; intensified party rivalry.

Rush-Bagot Agreement

1817 U.S.-British agreement limiting Great Lakes warships; eased postwar tensions; supported a peaceful northern border.

Adams-Onís Treaty

1819 agreement transferring Florida from Spain to the U.S.; settled boundary disputes; expanded U.S. control in the Southeast.

Erie Canal

1825 waterway linking the Hudson River and Lake Erie; cut transport costs; helped make New York City a trade hub.

Lowell Mills

Massachusetts textile factories employing young women; expanded wage labor; inspired early labor organizing and protests.

Second Bank of the United States

National bank chartered in 1816; regulated federal finances and credit; became the focus of Jackson's Bank War.

Whigs

Party formed against Jackson's leadership; favored congressional power and economic development; became a major national opposition party.

Democrats

Party organized around Jackson; mobilized white male voters and favored limited federal economic power; endured as a major party.

Andrew Jackson

Seventh president and war hero; expanded executive power and promoted Native removal; reshaped politics and accelerated dispossession.

Spoils System

Giving government positions to political supporters; strengthened party loyalty; later fueled civil-service reform.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Law authorizing negotiated removal of eastern Native nations; enabled forced displacement; contributed to the Trail of Tears.

Trail of Tears

Forced Cherokee removal in 1838–1839; caused thousands of deaths; remains a symbol of U.S. injustice toward Native peoples.

Nullification

Claim that a state could reject a federal law; triggered South Carolina's tariff crisis; sharpened federal-versus-state power disputes.

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina leader who defended nullification; challenged federal tariff authority; deepened sectional divisions.

Separate Spheres

Belief that men belonged in public life and women in domestic life; reinforced gender restrictions; influenced women's rights activism.

Second Great Awakening

Protestant revival movement stressing conversion and moral duty; inspired reform; strengthened temperance and abolitionism.

American Temperance Society

1826 organization opposing alcohol consumption; spread sobriety campaigns; influenced later temperance and prohibition efforts.

New York Female Moral Reform Society

1834 women's organization opposing prostitution and sexual double standards; promoted women's activism; expanded reform leadership.

Panic of 1837

Financial collapse involving bank failures and unemployment; hurt Van Buren's presidency; exposed market and banking instability.

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist who founded The Liberator in 1831; demanded immediate emancipation; energized organized antislavery activism.