PHARMA RCRG

Antihistamine

blocks histamine, nakakaantok

diphenhydramine

1st gen of antihistamine

loratidine, cetirizine

2nd gen of antihistamines

decongestant

liquify secretions

shrink engorged nasal mucous

expectorants

breaking down and thinning out secretion

aids in expectoration of excessive mucus

Phenylephrine

drug for decongestants

Guaifenesin

Drug for expectorant

mucolytic

enhance flow of secretions in respi

Acetylcysteine

Carbocisteine

Ambroxol

drug for mucolytic

antitussive

suppresses cough

opiods, non-opioids

drug for antitussive

opiods

stronger, codeine, hydrocodone

asthma

recurrent and reversible shortness of breath

bronchospasm, inflammation, edema

3 symptoms (?) of asthma

chronic bronchitis

continuous inflammation and low-grade infection of rhonchi

emphysema

destruction of alveolar walls

impaired gas exchange

broncodilator

relax bronchial smooth muscles

Beta2-adrenergic agonists

Anticholinergic

Methylxantine derivatives

BAM

Beta2-adrenergic agonist

relax and dilate airways

used during acute phase of asthma attack

albuterol, terbutaline

short-acting beta agonist

salmeterol

long-acting beta agonist

anticholinergic

indirectly causes airway relaxation and dilation

Methylxanthime Derivatives

bronchodilation, smooth muscle relaxation

steroids

leukotriene receptor antagonist

mast-cell stabilizer

SLM

steroids

reduce inflammation

enhance activity of beta agonist

suppression of adrenal glands

soft bones

sugar

effects of steroids

leukotriene receptor antagonist

montelukast

mast-cell stabilizers

for exercise-induced asthma

d masyado ginagamit

coronary artery disease

atherosclerosis (narrowing)

-statin

anti-cholesterol

betablocker

reduces myocardial oxygen consumption

calcium channel blockers

relaxes blood vessels

congestive heart failure

heart cant pump enough blood

digoxin

reduces contractility

diuretics

increases urine output

renin-angiotensin system

RAAS

long term

-pril

ace inhibitors

dilates-lowers bp

angioedema, cough, elevated k+

side effect of ACE inhibitor

-sartan

angiotensin II receptor blockers

-olol

beta blockers

blocks fight/flight hormones

bradycardia

breathing problems

bad for heart failure

blood sugar masking

blood pressure lowered

side effects of beta blockers

-dipine

calcium channel blockers

ostomic diuretic

for the head

increases ICP

manitol

-ide

Loop diuretic

Loop diuretic

decreases potassium

always sivp

cardiac dysrhythmia

abnormal/irregular beats of heart

ventricular tachycardia

pumps without rhythm

amiodarone

asystole

no beats/flatline

epinephrine every 5-10mins

antihyperlipidemic (-statin)

lower lipid levels

decrease BP

diuresis

Dehydration

3Ds of diuretic

crystalloids

replace fluid loses

small molecules

colloids

large molecules

protein, albumin, packed RBC

hypertonic

high tonicity

D5LRS (pink) D5NM (orange)

isotonic

equal water and solute

NSS (green) Lactated ringers solutuon (dark blue)

hypotonic

lesser solute, higher water

pts with kidney disease

interstitial

surround cells and tissue

intravascular

plasma/fluid in blood vessels

whole blood

all blood components

450mL

packed rbc

for hgb<6g/dL

250mL

platelet concentrate

active bleeding

150,000-500,000

first 15mins

most critical time during blood transfusion

sodium

maintain blood volume and pressure

135-145

potassium

muscle contractility

3.5-5.0

parietal cells

secretes HCI/hydrocholic acid

proton pump

gives energy to increase production of HCI

pepsin

breaks down food

antacid

neutralize acids

H2 receptor antagonist

suppress secretion of gastric juices

-azole

proton pump inhibitors

laxatives

promotes bowel movement

stimulates internal peristalsis

antidiarrheal

decrease intestinal motility

prokinetic agents

blocks dopamine, serotonin

encourages movement

vitamin b12

convert folic acid to its active form

megaloblastic anemia

folic acid

prevents neural tube defects in the fetus

magnesium sulfate

regulates skeletal muscle contractility

used to stop preterm labor

acetylcysteine

antidote for acetaminophen

calcium gluconate

antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity

digibind

antidote for digoxin toxicity

vitamin k (phytonadione)

antidote for warfarin toxicity