Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations (PCAR) Examination Review

Comprehensive vocabulary and regulatory definition practice flashcards covering Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations (PCAR) Parts 1 through 18, licensing rules, flight limitations, operations, weather minima, and air traffic control procedures.

Accident or Incident Report Filing Deadline (PCAR 13.040)

The operator shall file a report: (1) Within $10\,\text{days}$ after an accident or incident; or (2) After $7\,\text{days}$ if an overdue aircraft is still missing.

Instrument Flight Time (PCAR 2.1.2)

Time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points.

Class 1 Medical Certificate Validity for ATPL (PCAR 2.10.1.8)

$6\,\text{months}$.

Class 1 Medical Certificate General Validity Period (PCAR 2.10.1.8)

$12\,\text{months}$ for CPL, MPL, flight engineer license, flight navigator license, and FOO license.

Class 1 Medical Certificate Validity Over 40 Years of Age (PCAR 2.10.1.8)

$6\,\text{months}$ when holders have passed their $40\text{th}$ birthday.

Aircraft Category Ratings (PCAR 2.2.2.2)

(i) Airplane, (ii) Helicopter, (iii) Glider, and (iv) Free Balloon.

Airplane Class Ratings (PCAR 2.2.2.2)

(i) Single-engine land - airplane, (ii) Single-engine sea - airplane, (iii) Multi-engine land - airplane, and (iv) Multi-engine sea - airplane.

Licenses Requiring a Class 1 Medical Certificate (PCAR 2.2.2.4)

Commercial Pilot License (CPL), Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL), Flight engineer license, and Flight navigator license.

Single-Pilot Commercial Air Transport Age Limitation (PCAR 2.3.1.5)

No person may serve as pilot-in-command on a Philippine-registered civil aircraft in international commercial air transport single-pilot operations after reaching their $60\text{th}$ year of age.

CPL (A) Cross-Country PIC Flight Time Requirement (PCAR 2.3.3.3)

Not less than $20\,\text{hours}$ of cross-country flight time as pilot-in-command, including a cross-country flight totaling not less than $540\,\text{km}$ ($300\,\text{NM}$) with full-stop landings at two different aerodromes.

CPL (A) Total Flight Time Requirement (PCAR 2.3.3.3)

Not less than $200\,\text{hours}$ of flight time, or $150\,\text{hours}$ if completed during an Authority-approved training course in an Approved Training Organization under Part 3.

CPL Night Flight Requirement (PCAR 2.3.3.3)

$5\,\text{hours}$ of night flight time including $5$ take-offs and $5$ landings as pilot-in-command.

Commercial Pilot License Validity (PCAR 2.3.3.3)

$5\,\text{years}$.

Privileges of a CPL(A) Holder (PCAR 2.3.3.3)

To exercise all the privileges of the holder of a Private Pilot License - Airplane (PPL(A)).

Prerequisite License for Instrument Rating - Airplane (PCAR 2.3.3.6)

At least a Private Pilot License (PPL).

Destination Alternate (PCAR 8.1.1.2)

An alternate airport/heliport to which an aircraft may proceed should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the airport/heliport of intended landing.

En-Route Alternate (PCAR 8.1.1.2)

An alternate airport/heliport at which an aircraft would be able to land in the event that a diversion becomes necessary while en route.

Take-Off Alternate (PCAR 8.1.1.2)

An alternate airport/heliport at which an aircraft can land should this become necessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the airport/heliport of departure.

Multi-Pilot Commercial Air Transport Age Limitation (PCAR 8.10.1.1)

An AOC holder may use one pilot up to age $65$ provided that the other pilot is less than $60\,\text{years old}$.

PIC License Requirements for Multi-Pilot Commercial Operations (PCAR 8.10.1.4)

An Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL) with applicable category, class, and type rating for that aircraft.

PIC License Requirements for Single-Pilot Commercial Operations (PCAR 8.10.1.4)

A Commercial Pilot License (CPL) or an Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL) with applicable category, class, and type rating for that aircraft.

Flight Operations Officer Release Qualifications (PCAR 8.10.1.7)

(1) Holds a flight operations officer license or an ATP license; and (2) Is currently qualified with the Operator for the operation and type of aircraft used.

Flight Time Limitations: Two-Pilot Crews (PCAR 8.11.1.10.1)

Total commercial flight time cannot exceed: (1) $32\,\text{hours}$ in any $7$ consecutive days; (2) $100\,\text{hours}$ in any calendar month; or (3) $1,000\,\text{hours}$ in any calendar year.

In-Flight Rest Rule for Two-Pilot Crews (PCAR 8.11.1.10.1)

A flight crew member may be scheduled to fly in an aircraft with a crew of two pilots for $8\,\text{hours}$ or less during any $24$ consecutive hours without a rest period during those $8\,\text{hours}$.

Flight Time and Rest Limits for Domestic Flight Crew (PCAR 8.11.1.9.1)

(1) $1,000\,\text{hours}$ in any calendar year; (2) $100\,\text{hours}$ in any calendar month; (3) $30\,\text{hours}$ in any $7$ consecutive days; or (4) $8\,\text{hours}$ between required rest periods.

Take-Off with Inoperative Instruments or Equipment (PCAR 8.2.1.5)

Prohibited except as authorized by the Authority.

Mandatory Aircraft Documents for All Operations (PCAR 8.2.1.8)

(1) Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued to the owner, and (2) Certificate of Airworthiness.

Aircraft Airworthiness Responsibility (PCAR 8.3.1.2)

The registered owner or operator of an aircraft is responsible for maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy condition, including compliance with all airworthiness directives.

100-Hour Inspection Exceedance Tolerance (PCAR 8.3.1.4)

May be exceeded by not more than $10\,\text{hours}$ while en route to reach an inspection facility; excess time must be included in computing the next $100\,\text{hours}$ in service.

Co-Pilot Commercial IFR Exemption (PCAR 8.4.1.1)

Exemption from carrying a co-pilot applies only to domestic operations for airplanes weighing less than $5,700\,\text{kg}$ or helicopters weighing less than $3,175\,\text{kg}$.

Pilot Currency: IFR Operations (PCAR 8.4.1.10)

Within the past $6$ calendar months: (1) Logged at least $6\,\text{hours}$ of instrument flight time including at least $3\,\text{hours}$ in category flight; and (2) Completed at least $6$ instrument approaches (or an instrument competency check).

Pilot Currency: Take-Off and Landings (PCAR 8.4.1.9)

Within the preceding $90\,\text{days}$, made $3$ take-offs and landings as the sole manipulator of flight controls in an aircraft of the same category and class (and type, if required) or approved FSTD.

Continuous Flight Crew Oxygen Requirements (PCAR 8.5.1.25)

Continuous breathing oxygen is required at cabin altitudes exceeding $10,000\,\text{ft}$ for more than $30\,\text{minutes}$, and whenever cabin altitude exceeds $13,000\,\text{ft}$.

Prohibition on Alcohol and Psychoactive Substances (PCAR 8.5.1.5)

Prohibited to act as a crew member: (1) Within $8\,\text{hours}$ after consuming alcohol; (2) While under the influence of alcohol; or (3) While using any drug that affects faculties contrary to safety.

Use of Safety Belts and Shoulder Harnesses (PCAR 8.5.1.6)

Must be kept fastened during take-off and landing phases unless the shoulder straps interfere with the performance of duties.

Flight Plan Submission Deadline (PCAR 8.6.1.1)

At least $60\,\text{minutes}$ before departure.

Day VFR Fuel Supply for Turbo-Jet Aircraft (PCAR 8.6.2.14)

Sufficient fuel for flights during the day, plus for at least $30\,\text{minutes}$ thereafter.

Commercial Air Transport Fuel Reserve with Alternate (PCAR 8.6.2.15.1)

Fuel to fly to the destination airport, fly to the alternate airport, and fly thereafter for $45\,\text{minutes}$.

Flight Preparation Document Retention (PCAR 8.6.2.16)

Completed flight preparation documents shall be kept by the Operator for a period of $3\,\text{months}$.

Operational Flight Plan Intermediate Airport Limit (PCAR 8.6.2.20)

A new operational flight plan is required to continue flight if the aircraft has been on the ground for more than $6\,\text{hours}$.

IFR Alternate Airport Selection Criteria (Unpublished Minima) (PCAR 8.6.2.7)

(1) Precision approach: ceiling at least $180\,\text{m}$ ($600\,\text{ft}$) and visibility not less than $3\,\text{km}$; or (2) Non-precision approach: ceiling at least $240\,\text{m}$ ($800\,\text{ft}$) and visibility not less than $5\,\text{km}$.

Movement Area Taxiing Authorization Requirements (PCAR 8.8.1.1)

The person at controls must: (1) Be authorized by the owner/lessee; (2) Be competent to taxi; (3) Be radio-qualified; and (4) Have received instruction on layout, markings, ATC signals, phraseology, and operational standards.

Right-of-Way: Converging Aircraft (PCAR 8.8.1.13)

When aircraft of the same category are converging at approximately the same altitude, the aircraft to the other's right has the right-of-way.

Right-of-Way: Overtaking Aircraft (PCAR 8.8.1.13)

An aircraft being overtaken has the right-of-way and should expect to be passed on the right.

Simulated Instrument Flight Safety Requirements (PCAR 8.8.1.16)

The other control seat must be occupied by a safety pilot who holds at least a Private Pilot License with appropriate category and class ratings.

Parachute Requirements for Aerobatic Flight (PCAR 8.8.1.19)

Mandatory for maneuvers exceeding $60^\circ$ of bank or $30^\circ$ of pitch; parachutes must be packed by a licensed parachute rigger within the past $12$ calendar months.

Prohibited Aerobatic Flight Areas and Conditions (PCAR 8.8.1.19)

(1) Over cities/towns; (2) Over open-air assemblies; (3) Within Class B, C, D, or E surface areas; (4) Below $1,500\,\text{ft}$ above the surface; or (5) When flight visibility is less than $5\,\text{km}$.

Traffic Pattern Altitude: Large / Turbojet Aircraft (PCAR 8.8.1.24)

At least $1,500\,\text{ft}\,\text{AGL}$.

Minimum Safe Altitude: Congested Areas (PCAR 8.8.1.5)

$300\,\text{m}$ ($1,000\,\text{ft}$) above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of $600\,\text{m}$ ($2,000\,\text{ft}$) of the aircraft.

Minimum Safe Altitude: Other Than Congested Areas (PCAR 8.8.1.5)

$150\,\text{m}$ ($500\,\text{ft}$) above the surface, and not closer than $150\,\text{m}$ ($500\,\text{ft}$) to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.

Minimum Safe VFR Altitudes (Day) (PCAR 8.8.1.6)

$300\,\text{m}$ ($1,000\,\text{ft}$) above the highest obstacle within $8\,\text{km}$ ($5\,\text{NM}$) of the intended course; or $600\,\text{m}$ ($2,000\,\text{ft}$) in designated mountainous areas.

Category I (Cat 1) Approach Minima (PCAR 8.8.1.7)

A decision height not lower than $60\,\text{m}$ ($200\,\text{ft}$) and visibility not less than $800\,\text{m}$ or runway visual range not less than $550\,\text{m}$.

Adherence to ATC Clearances (PCAR 8.8.2.2)

A pilot may not deviate from an obtained ATC clearance except in an emergency, or unless an amended clearance is obtained.

VMC Visibility & Cloud Clearance: Classes B, C, D, and E (PCAR 8.8.3.1)

Cloud clearance: $1,500\,\text{m}$ horizontally and $300\,\text{m}$ ($1,000\,\text{ft}$) vertically; Flight visibility: $8\,\text{km}$ at and above $3,050\,\text{m}$ ($10,000\,\text{ft}\,\text{MSL}$), $5\,\text{km}$ below $3,050\,\text{m}$.

VMC Minima: Classes F and G (PCAR 8.8.3.1)

Clear of cloud, in sight of surface, and $5\,\text{km}$ flight visibility.

VFR Aerodrome Weather Minimums in Control Zones (PCAR 8.8.3.2)

Reported ceiling of at least $450\,\text{m}$ ($1,500\,\text{ft}$) and reported ground visibility of at least $5\,\text{km}$ (unless clearance is obtained from ATC).

Special VFR Operations Requirements (PCAR 8.8.3.3)

(1) Authorized by ATC clearance under exceptional circumstances; (2) Aircraft remains clear of clouds; and (3) Flight visibility is at least $5\,\text{km}$.

VFR Operations Requiring ATC Authorization (PCAR 8.8.3.6)

VFR flights operating above $\text{FL}\,200$ or at transonic and supersonic speeds.

Two-Way Radio Communication Failure in VFR (PCAR 8.8.3.9)

(1) Continue the flight under VFR; (2) Land at the nearest suitable airport; and (3) Report arrival to ATC by the most expeditious means possible.

Minimum Autopilot Altitudes (PCAR 8.8.4.6)

Not less than $50\,\text{ft}$ below MDA or DH for approach operations, and not less than $500\,\text{ft}$ above the terrain for en-route operations.

Refueling with Passengers on Board Requirements (PCAR 8.9.1.2)

(1) Aircraft attended by qualified personnel ready to direct evacuation; and (2) Two-way communication maintained between refueling ground crew and cabin personnel.

PCAR Part 2

Prescribes requirements for Personnel Licensing.

PCAR Part 3

Prescribes requirements for Approved Training Organizations.

PCAR Part 5

Prescribes requirements for Airworthiness.

PCAR Part 7

Prescribes requirements for instruments and equipment to be installed on aircraft expected to operate in the Republic of the Philippines.

PCAR Part 9

Prescribes requirements for Certification of Commercial Air Operators.

PCAR Part 11

Prescribes requirements for Aerial Work and Operating Limitations for Non-Type Certificated Aircraft.

PCAR Part 18

Prescribes requirements for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Air.

Sanction: Deviation from Instrument Approach Procedures (IS 1.2.1.8(d))

$30$ to $90\,\text{day}$ suspension.

Sanction: Take-off in Overloaded Aircraft (IS 1.2.1.8(d))

$60$ to $120\,\text{day}$ suspension.

Sanction: Take-off Below Weather Minimum (IS 1.2.1.8(d))

$60$ to $120\,\text{day}$ suspension.

Sanction: Landing at Wrong Airport (IS 1.2.1.8(d))

$90$ to $180\,\text{day}$ suspension.

Second-in-Command Flight Time Logging (IS 2.2.8)

All flight time when qualified and occupying a crewmember station in an aircraft that requires more than one pilot.

ATC Light Signal: Flashing White to Aircraft in Flight (IS 8.8.2.11)

Land at this airport and proceed to apron.

ATC Light Signal: Flashing Green to Aircraft on Ground (IS 8.8.2.11)

Cleared to taxi.

Daylight Acknowledgment of Aerodrome Signals in Flight (IS 8.8.2.11)

Rocking the aircraft's wings.

Head of CAAP (IS 8.8.3.4)

Director General of Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines.

VFR Cruising Altitude on Track 180° (IS 8.8.3.4)

Even thousand $+ 500\,\text{ft}$ (e.g., $6,500\,\text{ft}\,\text{MSL}$ when cruising above $5,000\,\text{ft}\,\text{MSL}$).

High-Altitude Altimeter Setting Rule

$29.92\,\text{inHg}$ or QFE when operating at or above $18,000\,\text{ft}\,\text{MSL}$.

Maximum Speed Below 10,000 ft MSL

$250\,\text{kts}$ for all aircraft.

Republic Act No. 9497

Civil Aviation Authority Act (CAA).