peds/ob midterm

antepartum

during pregnancy

intrapartum

during labor and delivery

postpartum

first 6 wks after birth

prenatal

fetus during pregnancy

neonatal

newborn after delivery (first 4 wks of life)

obstetrics

branch of medicine/surgery concerned with childbirth

certified nurse midwife

advanced practice nurse who delivers babies

gynecology

branch of physiology medicine that deals with women/girls and their reproductive health

gynecologist

physician who cares for women and their reproductive health

spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD)

scenario where a woman gives birth vaginally with no drugs to induce labor, no forceps, vacuum, or c-section

cesarean (c-section)

surgical procedure that delivers baby through incisions in the abdomen and uterus; baby does not go through the vagina

gravida

any pregnancy including present

nulligravida

never been pregnant

primigravida

in first pregnancy

multigravida

2nd or more pregnancy

para

birth after 20 wks gestation

nullipara

never given birth after 20 wks

primipara

given one birth after 20 wks

multipara

2 or more births after 20 wks

multiples para rule

multiples such as twins count as ONE birth

G T P A L

Gravidity (# of pregnancies)

Term (# carried to 37 wks+)

Preterm (# carried 20-36wks)

Abortion (# losses before 20wks)

Living(# of children living)

female reproductive system internal structures

vagina, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries

breasts structure

mammary gland composed of a number of lobes, divided into lobules

breast function

lactation, organs for sexual arousal

what signifies declining ovarian function

climacteric and menopause

sexual response cycle

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolutions

preconception counseling

used to guide couples on how to avoid unintended pregnancies, identify/manage risk factors, identify healthy behaviors to promote overall well being of mother and fetus

what are some conditions that increase risk for women and children

genetics, substance use and abuse, alcohol, smoking, caffeine consumption, nutrition problems, stress, and lack of exercise

menstruation

normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman’s monthly cycle

pre-menarche

before a woman starts her periods

menarche

the first occurrence of a woman’s menstrual cycle

post-menarche or pre-menopause

childbearing years

perimenopause

transitional stage moving towards menopause

menopause

no longer has periods (no period at all for 12 months before this is official)

amenorrhea

the absence of the menstrual cycle

dysmenorrhea

pain during period, primary/normal pain (cramps/period pain)

secondary dysmenorrhea

pain not from menstres- infection or inflammation that causes pelvic inflammation and pain

oligomenorrhea

irregular and inconsistent menstrual blood flow in a woman

hypomenorrhea

light periods (scant or barely bleeding)

menorrhagia (instrumental bleeding)

bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between expected menstrual periods

impotence

male fails to ejaculate

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

a chemical created by trophoblast tissue, tissue typically found in early embryos and which will eventually be part of the placenta; confirms pregnancy in a test

contraception

general term for stopping pregnancy

coitus interruptus (withdrawal)

involves the male partner withdrawing his penis from the woman’s vagina before he ejaculates (pull out method)

natural family planning (NFP)

periodic abstinence, provides contraception by using methods that rely on avoiding intercourse during fertile days

barrier methods for contraceptives

spermicides, condoms, diaphragms

hormonal contraceptives

oral contraceptive pills, transdermal contraceptives, vaginal contraceptive ring, injectable or implantable contraceptive, IUDs

tubal ligation

occlusion or interruption of the fallopian tube

vasectomy

sealing, tying, or cutting of a mans vas deferens so the sperm cannot travel from the testes to the penis

what week can neural tube defects begin

week 3

what week can you hear the fetal heartbeat

week 8

what week are all organs complete growing

week 20

amniotic fluid functions

helps maintain a constant fetal body temperature, serves as a source of oral fluid and a respiratory waste, and assisting in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

placenta function

transfers maternal oxygenated blood to the umbilical capillaries and takes away waste and co2 via its vascularized system

amnion cells

innermost layer of the fetus, surround and protect the embryo during pregnancy

chorion cells

cells that make up the outermost membrane of the fetus

embryo

from fertilization to the 8th week of pregnancy

fetus

later development stage starting the ninth week until birth

braxton hicks contractions

painless contractions that occur intermittently after the first trimester, appear to enhance the movement of blood through the intervillous spaces, aiding placental circulation (not real contractions, sensation of uterus tensing/changing)

4 shunts of fetal circulation

umbilical vein, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale,

umbilical vein

takes oxygen to heart

ductus venosus

does not exist after fetal life, supplies oxygen to baby’s heart

ductus arteriosis

mixed blood that comes out of the placenta

foramen ovale

opening into the left atrium

meconium

dark, green to black tarry stool (this is normal within first 24 hrs)

vernix

thick covering over baby’s skin for protection, leave on for 24 hrs

lanugo

very fine hairs covering baby’s body, go away eventually

dizygotic twins

fraternal twins, release 2 eggs at the same time

monozygotic twins

identical twins, only one zygote

teratogens

substances or exposure ex: alcohol, tobacco, marijuana

hegar sign

softening of the uterus during early pregnancy

quickening

first recognition of fetal movements

goodell sign

softening of the cervical tip

chadwick sign

violet blue color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix

leukorrhea

white or slightly gray mucoid vaginal discharge with a faint musty odor

striae gravidarum

stretch marks

hyperemesis gravidarum

“bad” so violently ill they can’t stop vomitting

linea nigra

hyper pigmented line extending from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus in the midline

describe the blood volume of a pregnant woman

increases double or triple the amount

GI effects of pregnancy

nausea, vomiting, constipation, heartburn

estimated date of birth

use first day of last menstrual cycle; minus 3 months, add 7 days, add 1 yr

preterm

pregnancy that has reached 20 wks but ends before 37 wks

late preterm

reached between 34 wks 0 days and 36 wks 6 days

early term

between 37 wks 0 days and 38 wks 6 days

full term

between 39 wks 0 days and 40 wks 6 days

late term

between 41 wks 0 days and 41 wks 6 days

postterm

between 42 wks 0 days beyond

viability

the capacity to live outside the uterus

spontaneous abortion

miscarriage

therapeutic abortion

mom wanted baby but failed, the removal of remaining fetus parts

Rh in pregnant women

always get tested if mom is a negative blood type

nutrients/diet for pregnant women

folic acid (folate), iron, calcium, increased protein

polyhydramnios

increase in the amniotic fluid in pregnancy

oligohydramnios

amniotic disorder resulting in decreased amniotic fluid volume for gestational age (normal towards end of pregnancy)

daily fetal movement count

kick count, teach mom to measure kick count at same time everyday

genogram

looks inward at a family tree across multiple generations

ecomap

looks outwards at a person’s or household’s current connections to external community systems

newborn HR

120-160

newborn respirations

30-60 breaths/min