test coming uo

What is the average growth in inches and pounds for children aged 2-6 per year?

Children grow approximately +3 inches and +4-5 lbs per year.

By what age does the brain reach 95% of adult size?

The brain reaches 95% of adult size by age 6.

What is myelination and how does it affect children?

Myelination improves children's attention and memory.

What brain structure, known for better coordination, develops significantly during early childhood?

The Corpus Callosum.

What is egocentrism in Piaget's Preoperational stage?

It is the inability to see the world from any perspective other than one's own.

What is the term for children's belief that appearances are reality, often seen in the Preoperational stage?

Focus on appearance.

What is the false-belief test used for assessing in children?

It is used to determine a child's understanding of others thinking differently; e.g., 'Where will the puppet look?'

What types of skills are categorized as gross motor skills?

Running, jumping, throwing.

What influences contribute to gender identity in children?

Biological (hormones), behavioral (modeling), and cognitive (gender schemas) influences.

What style of parenting is associated with the best outcomes for children?

Authoritative parenting style.

What is the definition of overregularization in language development?

It refers to the use of incorrect grammatical forms, such as saying 'goed' instead of 'went'.

What is the main task of the Concrete Operational stage according to Piaget?

Logic about concrete things.

By age 11, how many words are typically known by a child?

About 40,000 words by 5th grade.

What is the purpose of an IEP in special education?

An IEP, or Individualized Education Program, outlines the educational plan for a child with special needs.

What are two characteristics of autism?

Social/communication deficits and repetitive behavior.

In Erikson's psychosocial development, what is the struggle during middle childhood (ages 6-11)?

Industry vs Inferiority, focusing on mastery and competence.

What is Kohlberg's Preconventional level of moral development?

It is focused on avoiding punishment and gaining rewards.

What does Vygotsky's ZPD stand for?

Zone of Proximal Development.

What is a key characteristic of children's self-concept during early childhood?

Children see themselves based on physical traits and abilities.

What is one method to discipline that is considered effective according to the notes?

Using time-out, loss of privileges, or positive reinforcement.