cell adaptation

Stress adaption

Cells undergo adaptive, metabolical structural changes to achieve a new study state and maintain function

Negative feedback

triggers and opposing corrective response to reverse the deviation and rapidly restore baseline equilibrium

General adaption syndrome

It has three stages alarm stage is the initial systemic reaction and mobilization against a stressor

Resistance stage is the bodies, active coping and adaption to the stressor

Exhaustion stage is the depletion of adaptive resources following prolonged stress leading to disease or cellular vulnerability

Disease

And abnormal condition that impaired homeostasis and produces cellular changes and threatens survival

pathophysiology

The study of cellular biochemical, structural and functional changes, resulting from a disease state

etiology

The cars are origin of a disease incorporating, intrinsic, and extrinsic factors; derived from the Greek meaning, giving the reason for

Medical history

Taking a detailed medical history, provide valuable clues to the etiology of the disease for best therapeutic treatment

objective signs

Things that can be measured like temperature and blood pressure

subjective signs

Symptoms experience only by the patient, and that cannot be measured like pain

ischemia and hypoxia

Lack of oxygen deprived cells of oxidative metabolism, leading to no ATP, which can't run pumps, so levels of sodium inside the cell to swell

atrophy

Decreased in cell size leading to tissue wasting away

Hypertrophy

Increase in individual cell size causing increase in overall tissue mass

hyperplasia

Increase in number of cells without increasing cell size which increases tissue mass

Metaplasia

Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another mature cell type

dysplasia

Deranged cell growth where cells, mature of anomaly and vary in size shape and organization within the tissue

Anaplasia

Loss of cell differentiation where cells become un differentiated immature with dark, staining variable nuclear and high rates of mitosis

neoplasm

New growth or tumors formed when cells ignoring normal division controls

Benign

Not cancerous yet, but can still be life-threatening if untreated

malignant

very harmful and cancerous can cause death

Submittal morphological changes

Microscopically, visible or hydropic changes and fatty change

Mechanical injury

Crushing cutting or physical description of cell integrity

thermal, cellular injury

Extreme heat burns freezing or fevers

Biochemical changes

Early intracellular shift

Morphological changes

Cellular swelling, fluid accumulation, cytoplasm, and fatty change of intracellular, lipid deposition

regeneration

Replacement of debt or damaged cells with the same cell type, fully restoring function, such as skin liver

Fibrosis

Replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue, which holds tissue together, but does not restore function

Necrosis

Cell death, usually results from a disease process that caused self to swell and rupture triggering inflammation

liquefection necrosis

Lysosomal enzymes digest and qualified that tissue

Coagulative necrosis

Acidosis denatures proteins into firm mass

fat necrosis

adipose tissue breakdown into fatty acids

caseous necrosis

Yellow or cheesy appearance from fat like infiltration

infarction

Area of cell death caused by lack of oxygen

gangrene

Widespread hypoxic tissue necrosis

dry gangrene

Slow spreading dark dry tissue with a line of demarcation usually no bacterial infection

wet gangrene

Cold, swollen, moist black skin with blebs rapid spread without clear demarcation bacterial infection, usually present

gas gangrene

Caused by anaerobic, spore, forming bacteria, producing toxins and hydrogen, sulfite gas. It is a medical emergency.

apoptosis

Controlled program cell suicide requiring ATP or self shrink from Blubs and fragment into apoptotic bodies without causing inflammation

sequelae of necrosis

Loss of organ function, fever inflammation sepsis, enzyme, making into blood and scar replacement and somatic death

necrotic dystrophic calcification

Occurs in debt or dying tissue forms, a barrier to contain dead cells or pathogens

metastatic calcification

Occurs in normal tissue due to hypercalcemia

stone formation

Salt or mineral imbalances that block body ducts

somatic death

Death of the entire organism declared when electrical brain activities stops.

Rigor mortis.

Postmortem muscles stiffening

Alger Mortis

Body cooling to ambient temperature

livor mortis

Blood coagulated and gravitational pooling

autolysis

Self digestion by intracellular enzymes

petrification

Microorganisms driven tissue breakdown