Phys Exam 2 High Yield

Epinephrine is released from the BLANK cells of the BLANK gland

Medullary cells of the adrenal gland

Is epinephrine a hormone or a neurotransmitter?

Hormone

Does epinephrine increase or decrease blood glucose levels

Increases

Concave has what type of light and which sign of diopter?

Concave, diverging, negative diopter

Convex has what type of light and which sign of diopter?

Convex, converging, positive diopter

What are the two steps of eye math problems?

• m = mm / 1000

• P = 1/f 

Does the accommodation reflex increase or decrease the refractive power of the eye lens?

increase

Why is the accommodation reflex necessary to focus the image of a near object on the retina? Near light rays are _____ and require a ______ refractive power to focus on the retina.

A. Converging; greater

B. Diverging; greater

C. Converging; lesser

D. Diverging; lesser

B. Diverging; greater

Contraction of the ciliary muscle is the result of (increased/decreased) (SANS/PANS)

Increased PANS

Relaxation of the ciliary muscle is the result of (increased/decreased) (SANS/PANS)

Decreased PANS

Constriction of the pupillary muscle is the result of (increased/decreased) (SANS/PANS)

Increased PANS

Dilation of the pupillary m. is the result of (increased/decreased) (SANS/PANS)

Increased SANS

Would a cholinergic antagonist activate or block the ciliary muscle contraction?

Block, keeping the lens flat

The near point of vision (decreases/increases) with age

Increases

For presbyopia, where is the focal point? Which lenses correct it?

Behind the retina

Convex spherical

For hyperopia, list where the focal point is, the focal length, the refractive power and the correction

Behind the retina

> 17 mm

< 59 diopters

Convex positive diopter lenses

For myopia, list where the focal point is, the focal length, the refractive power and the correction

In front of the retina

< 17 mm

> 59 diopters

Concave negative diopter lenses

Is 20/10 vision worse than usual or better than usual? Explain.

Better than normal acuity

Subject can see at 20 feet what someone with 20/20 vision could see at 10 feet

Is 20/200 vision worse than usual or better than usual? Explain.

Worse than normal acuity

Subject must stand at 20 feet to see what someone with 20/20 vision sees at 200 feet

Match the blood type to the appropriate antigen

• Type A:

• Type B:

• Type AB:

• Type O:

• Type A: A antigen

• Type B: B Antigen

• Type AB: A and B antigen

• Type O: No antigens

Match the blood type to the appropriate antibody

• Type A:

• Type B:

• Type AB:

• Type O:

• Type A: b antibody (Anti-B)

• Type B: a antibody (Anti-A)

• Type AB: Neither a nor b antibody

• Type O: a antibody and b antibody

Anti-A serum + agglutination = what antigen?

A antigen

Anti-B serum + no agglutination = what antigen?

no B antigen

A serum has which type of antibody?

b antibody

Anti-A serum has what type of antibody?

a antibody

Define whole blood

Formed elements plus plasma

Define serum

Plasma with fibrinogen removed, collected without anti-coagulant, cells allowed to clot

Define clot

Fibrin plus formed elements following coagulation process

Define Buffy Coat

White blood cells plus platelets

Define Plasma

Liquid fraction of blood with anti-coagulant added

Define formed elements

Red cells, white cells, platelets

Increasing the prepotential slope (increases/decreases) the rate of spontaneous depolarizations of pacemaker cells

Increases

Decreasing the prepotential slope (increases/decreases) the rate of spontaneous depolarizations of pacemaker cells

Decreases

Pacemaker cells in S-A node have a (shallower/steeper) slope than pacemaker cells in A-V node and therefore have a (faster/slower) rate of spontaneous depolarization.

Steeper, faster

In pacemaker (slow response) cells, list what is happening for each ion during the prepotential phase

• Na+:

• K+:

• Ca2+:

• Na+: Slow influx via leakage channels

• K+: Reduced permeability

• Ca2+: Slow influx via leakage channels

In pacemaker (slow response) cells, list what is happening for each ion during the depolarization phase

• Na+:

• K+:

• Ca2+:

• Na+: Not involved

• K+: Not involved

• Ca2+: Rapid influx via L-type channels

In pacemaker (slow response) cells, list what is happening for each ion during the repolarization phase

• Na+:

• K+:

• Ca2+:

• Na+: Not involved

• K+: Rapid efflux via K+ channels

• Ca2+: Not involved

In contractile (fast response) cells, list what is happening for each ion during the resting membrane potential phase

• Na+:

• K+:

• Ca2+:

• Na+: Limited permeability

• K+: Efflux via leakage channels

• Ca2+: Not involved

In contractile (fast response) cells, list what is happening for each ion during the depolarization phase

• Na+:

• K+:

• Ca2+:

• Na+: Rapid influx via VG Na+ channels

• K+: Not involved

• Ca2+: Not involved

In contractile (fast response) cells, list what is happening for each ion during the plateau phase

• Na+:

• K+:

• Ca2+:

• Na+: Not involved

• K+: Efflux via K+ channels

• Ca2+: Slow influx via L-type channels

In contractile (fast response) cells, list what is happening for each ion during the repolarization phase

• Na+:

• K+:

• Ca2+:

• Na+: Not involved

• K+: Rapid efflux via K+ channels

• Ca2+: Not involved