Quiz Answers

Which of the following is a type of nonprobability sequential sampling strategy

snowball sample

To keep expenses down from having to travel to every state to conduct a survey, a researcher could instead implement which type of sampling strategy in which they would only survey randomly selected individuals in randomly selected states?

cluster sample

Dr. Jackson has designed a survey to examine the effects of mental health resources on the stigma climate on college campuses. He sends his surveys to college campuses. He sends his surveys to college administrators and support staff. He finds that greater mental health outreach on college campuses leads to lower levels of stigma on campuses. What is Dr. Jackson’s target population?

college campuses

To make sure that smaller groups are represented properly in study, a researcher might implement which type of sampling strategy to avoid pure chance for causing their sample to be nonrepresentative?

stratified sample

When the goal of sampling is to describe a population, there should be ____ between the people who are selected for the sample and the people who are not selected for the sample.

non-systematic differences

Which of the following statements about weighting is true?

A probability sample in which different people have different probabilities of being selected must be weighted for estimates to be accurate

Research in which respondents are asked questions when they walk by the corner of an intersection is based on which type of sample?

convience

The best sampling strategy depends on ____.

The research question and available resources

A survey presents respondents with the following questions: “In the past 24 hours, how many text messages have you sent?(circle one) None; 1 to 2 texts; 3 to 5 texts; 6 to 10 texts” Which problem does this question suffer from?

is is not exaustive

If a question has a dichotomous outcome as the possible response, it must be which type of question?

closed ended

Which ethical concern should be addressed at the beginning of a survey, often alongside an introduction to the survey?

informed consent

Which is one of the major limitations of telephone surveys?

Telephone surveys are more likely to have sample bias due to who chooses to answer the phone

A survey presents respondents with the following question: “Do you think the government should raise income taxes and use it to pay for universal health care costs?” Which problem does this question suffer from?

it is a double barreled question

A survey presents respondents with a series of statements and asks them to circle their level of agreement for each statement: “strongly agree; agree; neutral; disagree; strongly disagree” This series of questions uses which of the following?

a likert scale

identify the following question type: “What are the goals you would like to accomplish in college?”

open ended

If a researcher uses U.S. Census data to examine changes in the number of individuals in each racial group across states over time, she is using ______

a secondary data source

Deepa is worried about experimenter effects for her study. Which strategy should she use to defend against these effects?

double blind study

What is the process that ensures that participants have an equal likelihood of being assigned to experimental or control conditions?

random assignment

What is a double-blind study?

A study where neither the researcher nor the participant is aware of which condition the participant is in

Population-based survey experiments differ from traditional surveys. In both, participants may read a description of a scenario and then answer questions about how they would react to the given situation. However, in a survey experiment, researchers____.

Vary the independent variable by changing key features of the scenario

Dr. Thomas designs a laboratory experiment to examine how people respond to criticism differently depending on if it comes from a man or a woman. She tells participants that they are communicating electronically with another student about arts participation programs. However, the “other student” is really a computer script that steers the conversation toward personal criticism. What has Dr. Thomas used to avoid speculation and suspicion about the true purpose of the study?

a cover story

What is the necessary condition to establish causality?

The independent variable must precede the dependent variable

Which of the following statements about experiments is true?

Because of their artificiality, experiments are well suited for testing abstract theories about how the social world works

The Devah Pager study on criminal status, race, and hiring is an example of a(n)

audit study

Because experiments can use deception and cover stories it is important for researchers to ______ participants and tell them ____.

Debrief; the true purpose and goals of the study

What is a key feature of experiments?

Manipulation of one or more independent variables that could influence the dependent variable

Which of the following is an example of manipulation of the independent variable?

In a study on the relationship between threats to masculinity and sexual harassment, intentionally varying whether male participants had their masculinity threatened

Dr. Martin designs a laboratory experiment to examine how people respond to unexpected rude interactions with strangers. She tells participants that they should come to the lab to fill out a survey. However, she has set it up so that one of her assistants will intentionally bump into participants as they come to the lab and say “Watch yourself!” What has Dr. Martin used to help manipulate the independent variable?

confederates

Self-reported measures (such as surveys) are more sensitive to participants’ moods and to social desirability bias, which means what?

Study participants desire to present themselves in a positive light

Why might it be unreasonable to ask whether an urban housing program would eliminate all homelessness?

Most interventions are designed to produce important but modest effects

A(n)___ intervention is a policy implementation or change, such as introducing a new urban housing program, that is intended to modify the outcomes or behaviors of individuals or groups.

social

Which of the following evaluation questions is both reasonable and answerable?

Do abstinence-only sex education classes reduce teen pregnancy?

What defines quasi-experimental research methods?

They lack random assignment of individuals to treatment and control groups

One of the main goals of evaluation research is translation, which means

the process of implementing the components of an evaluation research project on a larger scale

In the ROWE intervention, Best Buy’s work teams were split into two categories. One category of work teams implemented a Results-Oriented Work Environment, in which employees could work whenever and wherever they wanted as long as they got their work done, while the second category continued work as usual. How would sociologists classify the second category?

control group

Dr. Maron is conducting an interview study of parents’ opinions of local schools and their interactions with the administrators and teachers. He finds that respondents often refer to other parents in the school with off-handed or short remarks. When this happens, Dr. Maron often asks the parents to discuss how they know these other parents and how often they see each other. Which approach is Dr. Maron taking?

probing

Which sampling method is MOST common for in-depth interviews?

snowball sampling

Which of the following questions follows Howard Becker’s cardinal rule for designing interview questions?

How did you meet the person you married?

Sue interviews medical billing specialists about how changes to health-care law will affect their work. Because they are specialists, these interviewees are considered

informants

Which of the following is a leading question?

Don’t you think society is headed in the wrong direction?

A good interview feels a lot like a

Conversation between interviewer and interviewee

Dr. Collins is conducting an interview study of how individuals decide what neighborhood to live in. She finds that respondents are reluctant to explicitly mention race so she tells a story of a few couples who move into different types of neighborhoods and how they make their decisions. She then asks her interviewees to tell her which couple is most similar to them. Which approach is Dr. Collins taking?

Use of vignettes