Chemistry CCEA AS Level 2.2 (Nomenclature and isomerism in organic chemistry)

What is a homologous series?

Compounds which;

- have similar general formula

- similar chemical properties

- show a graduation in physical properties

- successive members differ by a CH2 unit

What is a functional group?

The reactive group within a compound

What is a structural isomer?

Molecules which have have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

What is a geometric isomer?

Molecules with the same structural formula, but different arrangement of atoms due to the presence of one or more C=C bond

What are the two forms geometric isomerism exists as?

E form and Z form

What is the structure of E isomerism?

The high priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond

What is the structure of Z isomerism?

The high priority groups are on the same side of the double bond

How do you choose the high priority group in a molecule?

- Atom with higher atomic number gets priority

- If atoms attached to carbons are the same then move to next atom out