Psych Benchmarks 11-16

1. Dr. Winkle is studying whether the identity of an infant's primary caregiver affects the quality of attachment. She compares infants primarily cared for by their mothers, fathers, grandparents, and other consistent caregivers. According to the "Early Development" lecture, what is MOST likely true about Dr. Winkle's results?

There is no significant difference in attachment styles between infants primarily cared for by their mothers, fathers, grandparents, or other consistent caregivers

Infants cared for primarily by their mothers are more likely to develop SECURE attachments than infants cared for by anyone else

Infants cared for primarily by their fathers are more likely to develop AVOIDANT attachments

Infants can only develop a SECURE attachment when their primary caregiver is one of their biological parents

Infants cared for primarily by grandparents are more likely to develop ANXIOUS-RESISTANT attachments

There is no significant difference in attachment styles between infants primarily cared for by their mothers, fathers, grandparents, or other consistent caregivers

2. Ten year old Violet is not allowed to go to the store down the street alone since she has protective parents. According to the "Early Development" lecture, which is MOST LIKELY to occur?

She might be more resilient than her peers when faced with adversity.

She may form stronger friendships since they bond over strict parents.

She might develop PTSD since Violet is traumatized by her parents.

She might become anxious because she is unable to manage risk.

She may develop a strong bond with her parents since they protected her.

She might become anxious because she is unable to manage risk.

3. Mary has been dating her girlfriend, Rose, for 6 months. Mary loves her, but Mary notices that she feels uncomfortable when Rose wants to spend a lot of time together. Mary gets overwhelmed when Rose confronts her and distances herself even more. According to the "Attachment Through the Life Course" reading, which attachment pattern does Mary BEST fit?

Independent

Dismissive

Secure

Avoidant

Anxious

Avoidant

4. Olivia is shown two toys by her father: a toy that she had since birth and a brightly colored toy her father just bought. According to the "What's Cooking in the Lab" segment of the "Early Development" lecture, which toy is Olivia MOST LIKELY to look at longer?

The toy she has had already because she is already comfortable and familiar with it.

The new toy because she hated the toy she has had from birth.

The new toy since it is a novel stimulus for Olivia.

Whichever one since babies do not look at certain toys differently than others.

The toy she has had already since it is her favorite toy.

The new toy since it is a novel stimulus for Olivia.

6. Leo spent his early childhood in a hostile environment before being moved into a foster home. While walking in the hallway of his new foster home, he is accidentally tripped. Instead of brushing it off, Leo immediately takes shelter and cowers. According to the "Early Development" lecture, what BEST explains Leo's response to being tripped?

Leo's lack of a caregiving relationship when he was younger led to hyperactive amygdala responses

Leo developed a chromosomal mutation during his time in the hostile environment that affected his cortisol levels

Leo's environment had little effect on his behavior, instead it was his high cortisol levels that caused him to act this way

Leo's separation from his parents led him to not be able to understand proper social procedures

Leo's body adapted to the hostile environment by decreasing his amygdala's response

Leo's lack of a caregiving relationship when he was younger led to hyperactive amygdala responses

7. John and Justin took a survey regarding their attachment styles in adulthood. John described himself to have an avoidant attachment style, but Justin described himself to have an anxious attachment style. According to the "Attachment Through the Life Course" reading, what can be BEST said about how John and Justin describe their relationships with their parents?

John will describe his relationship as warm and trusting and Justin will describe his relationship in little detail

John and Justin will both describe their relationship with parents in great detail

Justin will describe his relationship with parents as warm and trusting but John will not

John will describe his relationship with parents as warm and trusting but Justin will not

Both John and Justin will not describe their relationships with parents as warm and trusting

Both John and Justin will not describe their relationships with parents as warm and trusting

8. Baby Kate is shown two toys, a dog she plays with regularly and a dragon she has never seen before. According to the "Early Development" lecture, what is MOST LIKELY to occur?

She will look at the dragon for a longer period of time than the dog.

She will not be interested in either the dragon or the dog.

She will look at the dog for a longer period of time than the dragon.

She will look at the dragon and dog for the same amount of time.

She will try to grasp the dog more than the dragon.

She will look at the dragon for a longer period of time than the dog.

1. Clarke is an 90-year-old Republican and Derek is a 21-year-old Democrat. According to the "Psychology of Social Class & Money" lecture, if Clarke and Derek were asked how they would design the United States' distribution of wealth, how would they each respond?

Derek would believe wealth should be distributed more equally, while Clarke would believe our current wealth distribution is ideal. (your answer, marked wrong)

Derek would want a MORE equal wealth distribution.

They would both consider the current wealth distribution in the United States to be ideal.

Clarke would prefer a MORE equal distribution of wealth.

They would both favor a MORE equal distribution of wealth than the US currently has.

They would both favor a MORE equal distribution of wealth than the US currently has.

3. Tyler's family has substantial wealth and resources, but when asked about his family's social position, he describes them as middle class. According to the "Psychology of Social Class and Money" lecture, what does Tyler's response BEST illustrate?

People may underestimate their household income.

Wealthy families do not discuss their finances.

People often define class through their education.

People often base class on their occupation.

People with high wealth may still identify as middle class.

People with high wealth may still identify as middle class.

4. 8-year-old Katerina and Serena are studying to compete in their school's spelling bee. Katerina comes from a wealthy background, while Serena's family struggles financially. According to the "Challenges of Growing Up in Poverty" reading, which of the following BEST predicts how Katerina and Serena may prepare for the spelling bee?

Katerina will continue studying despite struggling to memorize her first few words, while Serena will give up quickly after struggling

Both will barely study, as young children often get distracted by other activities

Both will study for hours in order to succeed

Katerina will give up quickly after struggling to memorize her first few words, while Serena will continue studying despite struggling (your answer, marked wrong)

Katerina will barely study, while Serena will be extremely competitive and highly prepared

Katerina will continue studying despite struggling to memorize her first few words, while Serena will give up quickly after struggling

5. According to the "Does Money Make You Mean?" Ted Talk, which person would MOST likely attribute their success to their hard work and talent?

Ally, who acknowledges the hard work of her assistants

Harini, who didn't have mentors when she was growing up

Mariam, who had to work multiple jobs as a single mom with three kids

Sammy, who grew up in a wealthy family

Varsha, who grew up poor and had to work for connections

Sammy, who grew up in a wealthy family

Jalen's parents often promise him rewards for completing chores but do not always follow through. When offered a small toy now or a larger toy later, Jalen chooses the smaller toy. According to the "Social Class" lecture, what BEST explains Jalen's decision?

A lower ability to understand the value of future rewards

A greater difficulty with delaying gratification than other children

An expectation that the larger reward may not actually be available later

A stronger tendency to act without considering consequences

A preference for smaller rewards over larger rewards

An expectation that the larger reward may not actually be available later

Andre is driving through a busy parking garage when another driver takes a long time to back out of a space. Andre honks and becomes visibly impatient. According to the "Psychology in the News" segment of the "Psychology of Social Class and Money" lecture, which type of vehicle would MOST likely be associated with Andre's behavior?

An older compact car.

A high-priced luxury car.

A practical family car.

A used vehicle.

A moderately priced sedan.

A high-priced luxury car.

According to the "Who's in the Expert's Chair" segment of the "Psychology of Social Class and Money" lecture, who is MOST LIKELY to build the MOST cognitive capacity over their lifetime?

Jibron, who loves Science class.

Harper, who has always attended well-resourced schools.

Daniel, who works full-time to support his family.

Neela, who did not have a high quality education.

Annalisa, who grew up in a low-income family.

Harper, who has always attended well-resourced schools.

Ethan becomes nervous whenever he hears the buzzer that signals the start of a difficult exam. Eventually, similar-sounding buzzers also make him nervous. According to the "Learning and Conditioning" lecture, Ethan's nervousness in response to similar buzzers is BEST classified as which of the following?

Neutral Stimulus

Unconditioned Response

Conditioned Stimulus

Conditioned Response

Unconditioned Stimulus

Conditioned Response

According to the "Emotion" lecture, which of the following pairings BEST exemplifies the concept of evolutionary preparedness?

Elevators; they can malfunction and trap people inside

Water; the human temporal lobe has only recently acclimatized to swimming.

Helicopters; they are relatively new to humans.

Cars; we are exposed to more car crashes in the media than other forms of transportation.

Wasps; creatures like them have been a threat to humans throughout human history.

Wasps; creatures like them have been a threat to humans throughout human history.

Mei grew up in China. After receiving an award in front of her classmates, she feels very proud. According to the "Culture and Emotion" reading, how is Mei MOST LIKELY to respond?

She may express her pride more subtly because an interdependent model of self encourages adjusting emotional expression to others

She will hide her pride because people in interdependent cultures do not experience positive emotions

She will loudly celebrate because interdependent cultures encourage emotional expression

She will openly express her pride because she has learned an independent model of self

She will express her pride more strongly because she wants to influence those around her

She may express her pride more subtly because an interdependent model of self encourages adjusting emotional expression to others

Noelia experiences high emotional fluctuations, while Tony experiences relatively little emotional fluctuation. According to the "Emotion Experience and Well-Being" reading, which statement is MOST accurate regarding their emotional well-being?

Noelia's emotional well-being will be higher than Tony's emotional well-being

Noelia's and Tony's emotional well-being will both be the same

Noelia and Tony will have decreased emotional well-being

Noelia's emotional well-being will be lower than Tony's emotional well-being

Noelia and Tony will have increased emotional well-being

Noelia's emotional well-being will be lower than Tony's emotional well-being

Lina grew up in a household that discouraged outward emotional expression. Whenever Lina received praise or exciting news, her father would tell her to stay composed and not show her feelings. According to the "Emotion Experience and Well-Being" reading, which of the following is MOST likely true?

Lina has more difficulty forming close friendships than people who outwardly express emotions

Lina will pass on a gene for emotional suppression to her children

Lina experiences higher well-being than people who outwardly express emotions

Lina will laugh at inappropriate moments

Lina is married to someone who is emotionally expressive

Lina has more difficulty forming close friendships than people who outwardly express emotions

Sam is playing poker in Monte Carlo. Based on the "Psychology in the News" segment of the "Emotions" lecture, which of the following is MOST LIKELY to be true?

When Sam is bluffing, his movements will be more hesitant and jerky.

Sam will start blinking more as his odds increase. (your answer, marked wrong)

When Sam is feeling more confident, his deductive skills will decrease.

Sam will be more talkative when he is dealt a bad hand.

When Sam is about to show his winning hand, his hands will be shaky.

When Sam is bluffing, his movements will be more hesitant and jerky.

Elena is startled when her friend unexpectedly jumps out from behind a door, but her surprise disappears within a few moments. According to the "Emotion" lecture, which dimension BEST describes this characteristic of Elena's emotion?

Valence

Intensity

Arousal

Duration

Regulation

Duration

Daniel is from Canada and wants to choose a new hobby that will help him feel happy. According to the "Culture and Emotion" reading, which hobby would Daniel MOST LIKELY choose based on his IDEAL AFFECT?

Going on a casual bike ride with friends

Walking slowly through a botanical garden

Taking energetic group dance classes

Practicing yoga in a peaceful studio

Joining a relaxed cooking class

Taking energetic group dance classes

According to the "Anxiety and Related Disorders" reading, which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder?

Abinav, who has been in a low mood for a week after receiving a failing grade on an exam

Juli, who gets nervous before a first date

Sharon, who is worried about her son traveling alone for the first time

Iris, who hasn't been able to take her kids to school for months because leaving the house has felt scary

Hudson, who has always been the most energetic person in the room

Iris, who hasn't been able to take her kids to school for months because leaving the house has felt scary

According to the "Anxiety and Depression" lecture, which of the following individuals was MOST LIKELY diagnosed with depression?

Ryan, who has been grieving his friend's death two months ago, with sadness that comes in waves and lifts between them

Sahil, who has been having difficulty sleeping since moving into a new apartment five days ago

Asiya, who has experienced a reduced appetite since learning that she did not get accepted into her preferred university last week

Esther, who has been experiencing fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, and difficulty enjoying activities for the past two month

Michael, who has been feeling sad and withdrawn since his parents announced their separation four days ago

Esther, who has been experiencing fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, and difficulty enjoying activities for the past two month

Taylor received a job offer from her dream company. However, she had to refuse the offer when she learned that her office will be on a high floor because she gets panic attacks whenever she gets on an elevator. According to the "Anxiety and Related Disorders" reading, which type of phobia is Taylor MOST LIKELY to be diagnosed with?

Situational

General

Animal

Natural

Social

Situational`

Samantha has been sleeping only a few hours a night but feels more energetic than ever. She spends large amounts of money on unnecessary things and insists she cannot fail. According to the Mood Disorders reading, which of the following BEST describes Samantha's behavior?

She has depression and is in a hypomanic state

Her anxiety has become more severe

Her personality trait "extraversion" is increasing

She is in a manic episode

Her energy is increasing due to lifestyle changes

She is in a manic episode

Sarah, a district attorney, was recently divorced by her husband. Shortly after, she was diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) by her psychiatrist. According to the "Mood Disorders" reading, which of the following BEST explains how Sarah clinically presented to the psychiatrist?

She habitually engaged in gambling

She had trouble concentrating on her case reports

She generated an influx of business ideas

She boasted to her colleagues about the large sum of money she acquired from the divorce

She reported low mood only on days when she had court appearances

She had trouble concentrating on her case reports

Mark was recently diagnosed with social anxiety. He told his parents that he stopped going to parties because of the anxiety. According to the "Anxiety and Depression" lecture, which core feature of anxiety is BEST represented by Mark's behavior?

Hypervigilance

Compulsions

Avoidance

Catastrophic thinking

Paranoia

Avoidance

According to the "Mood Disorders" reading, which of the following MOST LIKELY describes a patient benefitting from SSRIs/SNRIs?

Allie starts taking an SSRI only when she feel anxious because she wants the medication to work immediately during stressful situations

Maya starts taking an SSRI to help improve her mood and is told by her provider that it may take weeks before she notices its full effect

Chris starts taking an SSRI to treat a broken bone and expects the medication to reduce his physical pain

Hannah takes an SSRI to help her sleep at night and stops taking it after two days because she does not notice an immediate change

Chris starts taking an SSRI to immediately stop his racing thoughts and increased energy after a manic episode

Maya starts taking an SSRI to help improve her mood and is told by her provider that it may take weeks before she notices its full effect

Rick, a college student, has five assignments due next week. According to the "Who's in the Experts Chair" segment of the "Attention" lecture, what is the BEST way for him to complete the assignments?

Work on one assignment at a time, completing each before moving on to the next.

Play loud music while completing the assignments.

Talk to his friends while completing the assignments.

Work on the longest tasks at the same time and then complete the rest.

Alternate between each assignment every ten minutes.

Work on one assignment at a time, completing each before moving on to the next.

Katerina is listening to two different songs through headphones, one in each ear. She is told to repeat the left-ear song lyrics aloud as she hears them. Afterward, she reports that the singer in her right ear had a deep voice, but she cannot describe what that song was about. According to the "Attention" reading, which model of attention is BEST represented here?

The repetition model

Late selection theory

Sustained attention model

Harden's ear model

Broadbent's filter model

Broadbent's filter model

According to the "Attention" Reading, which of the following scenarios BEST EXEMPLIFIES the use of Divided Attention?

A professor tries to stay focused while proctoring a four-hour exam.

A student listens to a math lecture and takes notes while reading a news article

A girl looks for her red lipstick on a vanity cluttered with makeup and drinks

A person looking for their friend in a crowded park while trying to ignore the people passing by

A person forgetting that they were looking for their friend at a party because someone called their name

A student listens to a math lecture and takes notes while reading a news article

Christopher is learning about brain imaging for a study and would like to use Electroencephalography (EEG). According to the "Brain and Nervous System" reading, what is an advantage of using this technique?

It accurately tells us where brain activity occurred.

It relies directly on blood flow brain activity.

It requires substances to be injected in the body

It can determine when something occured in the brain.

It can determine how much oxygen the brain is using

It can determine when something occured in the brain.

James is intently watching a video of a magician juggling 5 yellow bean bags, trying to catch him doing a trick. According to the "Failures of Awareness: The Case of Inattentional Blindness" reading, which object is James MOST LIKELY to notice if it flashed across the screen?

A black crow

An iridescent stone

A stormy cloud

A lemon

A toy car

A lemon

Eve, a four-year-old, is in the store with her mother. According to the "Attention" lecture, which of the following is MOST LIKELY to capture her attention?

A doll with a white dress.

A set of beige building blocks in different shapes.

A black and white picture book.

A soft stuffed elephant with large ears.

A colorful car with flashing lights.

A colorful car with flashing lights.

During an important virtual meeting for her student org, Jamie is fully focused on taking notes from the guest speaker. Later, a club member asks if she had heard the fire alarm that briefly went off. Jamie is confused as she did not hear it at all. Based on the reading, "Failures of Awareness: The Case of Inattentional Blindness," what BEST explains her experience?

Hearing loss

Auditory illusion

Inattentional deafness

Inattentional blindness

Memory decay

Inattentional deafness

At a basketball game, Mary focuses on her friend's story and tunes out other chatter, until she suddenly hears someone say "Mary." According to the "Attention" reading, this scenario BEST represents:

Self-recognition

Sustained attention

Multimodal Attention

Divided attention

Selective attention

Selective attention

Tulsi is married but decided to makeout with a stranger she found hot at a party. According to the "Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy" lecture and "The Psychodynamic Perspective" reading, which of the following aspects of Freud's Tripartite Model of the Psyche BEST represents Tulsi's actions?

Id

Conscious Mind

Superego

Postconscious Mind

Ego

Id

Paige is people watching at a casino. According to the "Psychology in the News" segment of the "Emotions" lecture, which of the following scenarios is Paige MOST LIKELY to observe?

When Taylor starts losing, she will need to use the restroom more.

When Luke is on a winning streak, he will have difficulty hearing.

When Timothy is feeling intimidated by the other players, he will become more chatty.

When Meghan is about to reveal her winning hand, her voice will be shaky. (your answer, marked wrong)

When Hailey is dealt a bad hand, her movements will be less fluid.

When Hailey is dealt a bad hand, her movements will be less fluid.

Dr. Lin is treating a patient with social anxiety. Dr. Lin's focus is addressing her patient's automatic negative thought process in social situations by assigning her to practice initiating small positive conversations whenever she is feeling socially anxious. According to the "Therapeutic Orientations" reading, what therapeutic approach is BEST described by this?

Mindfulness-based therapy

Cognitive Behavioral therapy

Acceptance and Commitment therapy

Psychoanalysis

Person-Centered therapy

Cognitive Behavioral therapy

According to the "How to Choose a Psychologist" reading, which person should MOST LIKELY consider therapy?

Emily, who feels disappointed for a few days after receiving a rejection from a job.

Sarah, who gets frustrated when she has several assignments due during the same week.

Anna, who feels exceedingly nervous the night before an important exam, but feels better after taking it.

James, who has been feeling helpless for months despite having support from his friends.

Michael, who occasionally argues with his roommate about household chores.

James, who has been feeling helpless for months despite having support from his friends.

According to the "Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy" lecture, which of the following BEST explains why psychologists might find projective tests useful?

They measure how accurately a person can recognize the intended meaning of an image.

They can diagnose psychological disorders based solely on whether a response is common or unusual.

They provide an objective measure of intelligence through a creative outlet.

They give patients a sense of calm and build connection between therapists and patients.

They may reveal unconscious material through the way a person interprets an ambiguous stimulus.

They may reveal unconscious material through the way a person interprets an ambiguous stimulus.

Rachel's parents are undergoing a messy divorce. According to the "Psychodynamic Perspective" reading, which reaction BEST demonstrates Rachel using the ego defense of reaction formation?

Despite feeling devastated about the divorce, Rachel laughs about it and tells her friends how relieved she is that her parents are separating.

Rachel feels angry about her parents' separation and channels her frustration into practicing harder at soccer.

Rachel takes her mother's side and justifies her frequent late nights and weekends with friends by telling herself that lots of girls do that.

Although Rachel's friends and family are concerned about how the divorce is affecting her, Rachel insists that it is not a big deal and refuses to acknowledge that it could affect her.

Rachel feels angry about her parents' separation but takes her frustration out on her classmates at school.

Despite feeling devastated about the divorce, Rachel laughs about it and tells her friends how relieved she is that her parents are separating.

While sitting in psychology class, Maria is completely focused on taking notes about Freud. Suddenly, her professor pauses and asks the class, "What did you have for dinner last night?" Before being asked, Maria had not been thinking about the spaghetti she ate. According to the "Psychodynamic Perspective" reading, which region of the mind MOST LIKELY contained this information before her professor asked the question?

The preconscious

The ego

The id

The conscious

The unconscious

The preconscious

According to the "How to Choose a Psychologist" reading, which of these is TRUE of a clinical psychologist?

Clinical psychologists must complete two years of graduate-level training before beginning their careers.

Most states require psychologists to renew their licenses and demonstrate continued competence.

Clinical psychologists must earn a Master's in Counseling before pursuing a PhD. in Clinical Psychology.

Clinical psychologists only need to pass a licensing exam; graduate school and internships are not required.

Clinical psychologists only practice psychoanalysis techniques

Most states require psychologists to renew their licenses and demonstrate continued competence.

Two animals share the same version of a gene associated with social bonding, but one develops strong attachments to others while the other does not. Based on the "Who's in the Expert's Chair" segment of the "Nature, Nurture, and Evolution" lecture, what is the MOST LIKELY explanation for this difference?

Their different dietary requirements are the most likely cause of their bonding behaviors.

Differences in their early environments may have influenced how the bonding-related gene is expressed.

Their bonding behaviors are primarily determined by seasonal changes in hormone levels.

Differences in bonding behavior are most likely caused entirely by random chance.

Because they share the same gene, they should display identical bonding behaviors.

Differences in their early environments may have influenced how the bonding-related gene is expressed.

A researcher is studying MONOZYGOTIC twins who were adopted shortly after birth. The children were separated and raised in different homes by different adoptive parents and are both very socially anxious. According to "The Nature-Nurture Question" reading, which conclusion is MOST appropriate?

The similarity may reflect genetic influences, but it doesn't mean other factors did not contribute.

The similarity shows that environmental experiences play no role in the development of social anxiety.

The similarity must be entirely due to coincidence because the twins were raised apart.

The similarity proves that social anxiety is controlled by a single gene.

The twins developed social anxiety because they experienced the same genetic mutation after birth.

The similarity may reflect genetic influences, but it doesn't mean other factors did not contribute.

Two research teams are investigating twins to evaluate the heritability of a trait, but are reporting different heritability estimates. According to "The Nature-Nurture Question" reading, what is the MOST LIKELY reason?

One study probably had a smaller sample, which lowers heritability.

Heritability is a constant biological property of traits.

Only fraternal twins were used in both studies.

The trait must not be genetically influenced.

Differences in the environments or populations studied likely affected the estimates.

Differences in the environments or populations studied likely affected the estimates.

While jogging before sunrise, Taylor sees a dark figure standing near the trail ahead. Because it is still dark, Taylor cannot determine whether it is a person or just a tree stump. According to the "Evolutionary Theories in Psychology" reading, which action would BEST illustrate Error Management Theory?

Taylor walks up to the figure to identify it.

Taylor waves and tries to start a conversation with the figure.

Taylor continues running toward the figure without slowing down.

Taylor changes direction and keeps a safe distance from the figure.

Taylor ignores the figure and puts on headphones.

Taylor changes direction and keeps a safe distance from the figure.

Many of her friends enjoy eating spicy foods, but Sophia avoids them whenever possible. According to the "Nature, Nurture, and Evolution" lecture, which of the following would MOST LIKELY be a GENETIC explanation for Sophia's choice?

Sophia's mother also dislikes spicy food, so Sophia learned to avoid it.

Sophia dislikes the burning sensation that often follows eating spicy foods.

Sophia grew up in a household where spicy foods were rarely served.

Sophia possesses a version of a gene that makes her especially sensitive to the chemical responsible for spicy flavors.

Sophia read an article claiming that spicy food can cause stomach pain.

Sophia possesses a version of a gene that makes her especially sensitive to the chemical responsible for spicy flavors.

Chee notices that her and her siblings have varying levels of extraversion, even though they grew up in the same household. According to "Nature, Nurture, and Evolution" lecture, which choice BEST explains this variation?

Extraversion is a random trait unrelated to genetics or environment

There are multiple genes that interact to determine different levels of extraversion

Extraversion is controlled by a single gene that differs between siblings

Extraversion is entirely determined by shared environmental factors

Only genetic influences determine extraversion levels

There are multiple genes that interact to determine different levels of extraversion

According to the "Psychology in the News" segment of the "Nature, Nurture, and Evolution" lecture, which of the following BEST explains how genes and the environment influence behavioral variation?

Variation in behavior can exist even if there are no genetic or environmental differences between individuals

There will be no variation in behavior if there is no variation in genetic makeup (your answer, marked wrong)

Neither genetic makeup nor environmental differences play a role in the variation of behavior

Compared to the influence of genes, environment has little to no effect on the variation of behavior

Individuals who grew up in identical environments will express the same behaviors as each other

Variation in behavior can exist even if there are no genetic or environmental differences between individuals