chemistry: exam 4

4(a), 4(c), 4(f)

what holds the water molecules together?

hydrogen bonding

what does “solute” mean

what is dissolved in water (can be solid, liquid or gas)

solute + solvent = ?

solution!!! (always solution!!)

why do ionic compounds separate into their component ions when dissolved in water?

because water is polar

when a solute produces an aqueous solution that conducts electricity, what is it called?

an electrolyte

what do all soluble ionic compounds completely dissociate into in an solution?

ions

TRUE OR FALSE

All soluble ionic compounds are strong electrolytes

true

TRUE OR FALSE

ionic compounds are NOT good conductors of electricity

FALSE, they are good conductors of electricity

what type of attraction is why ionic compounds dissolve in water?

dipole

do alcohols and sugars dissociate into ions when dissolved in water?

no

since sugars and alcohol don’t conduct electricity, what would their solutions be called?

nonelectrolytes

is water a poor or good conductor of electricity?

poor

why do nonelectrolytes do not conduct electricity?

because hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole attractions allow some molecules to dissolve in water. when they dissolve, they remain in molecular form so they don’t separate into ions

what are strong electrolytes?

strong acids and soluble ionic compounds

strong acids exist solely as what?

ions in solution

how many strong acids are there for electrolytes?

7

are the strong acids ionic compounds?

no

what makes the strong acids so strong if they are not ionic?

because the acids react with water to form ions

what will strong acids lose in the reaction with water?

acid hydrogen (proton)

list all the 7 strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO₃, H₂SO_4, HClO₃, and HClO₄

what do strong electrolytes do when they react with water?

dissociate completely into ions when they dissolve in water

how many strong bases are there for soluble ionic compounds?

8

weak electrolytes have about 2 ions for every…..

100 or more molecules

do most acids and bases completely dissociate into ions in solution?

yes all but 7 acids (the strong) and all but 8 (strong bases)

how can you tell an acid is weak in a chemical equation?

double arrow

list the classification of water-soluble molecular compounds (molecular compounds that dissolve in water)

strong strong electrolytes (7 strong acids), weak electrolytes (weak acids acetic or citric acid) weak bases (ammonia or the amines) and nonelectrolytes (sugars and alcohols)

list all the classification of water-soluble ionic compounds

8 strong bases

acid-base neutralization is a …..

double replacement reaction

how is acid-base neutralization driven to a double replacement reaction?

by the formation of either a weak electrolyte (usually water) or gas

what is titration

it is a way to determine the concertation of a solution by reacting it with a known amount of a chemical and monitoring the point of stoichiometric equivalnce with an indicator

since titration can be performed on any solution that gives a product, what are the most common titration?

acid-base, redox, and precipitation

redox is for what type of reaction?

combustion

oxidation is for….

loss of electrons

reduction is for…

gain of electrons