PALs Drug Exam 2022

Albuterol

Brand: Proventil HFA, Ventolin, ProAir
Indication: SABA -> Asthma
Major ADRs/SEs: Tremor, bronchospasm,

Fluticasone

Brand: Flovent
Indication: ICS -> Asthma, COPD
Major ADRs/SEs: Oral candidiasis (thrush), adrenal suppression

Fluticasone/Salmeterol

Brand: Advair Diskus
Indication: ICS -> Asthma, COPD
Major ADRs/SEs: Upper Resp. Tract infection, Cardiac Arrhythmia

Budesonide/Formoterol

Brand: Symbicort
Indication: LABA + ICS -> Asthma, COPD
Major ADRs/SEs: Oral candidiasis, nose/throat irritation

Ipratropium/Albuterol

Brand: Combivent
Indication: AC + SABA -> Asthma, COPD
Major ADRs/SEs: Angina, hypokalemia, headache, constipation

Tiotropium

Brand: Spiriva
Indication: AC -> Asthma, COPD
Major ADRs/SEs: Xerostomia (Dry mouth), pharyngitis, upper resp. tract infection

Montelukast

Brand: Singulair
Indication: Leukotriene Modifier -> Asthma, COPD, AR
Major ADRs/SEs: Depression, sleepwalking, nightmares, diarrhea, headache

Budesonide

Brand: Pulmicort
Indication: ICS -> Asthma, COPD
Major ADRs/SEs: Oral candidiasis, infection, dizziness/passing out,

Benzonatate

Brand: Tessalon, Zonatuss
Indication: Cough (anti-tussive)
Major ADRs/SEs: Constipation, dizziness, headache, nausea

Varencicline

Brand: Chantix
Indication: Smoking Cessation
Major ADRs/SEs: Cardiovascular events, vivid dreams, seizures

Cetirizine

Brand: Zyrtec
Indication: 2nd gen H1 agent -> Allergic rhinitis, allergies
Major ADRs/SEs: CNS depression

Loratidine

Brand: Claritin
Indication: 2nd gen H1 agent -> Allergic rhinitis, allergies
Major ADRs/SEs: Headache

Triamcinolone

Brand: Kenalog
Indication: Corticosteroid -> Atopic dermatitis
Major ADRs/SEs: Acneiform eruption, allergic contact dermatitis

Hydrocortisone

Brand: Westcort, Locoid
Indication: Corticosteroid -> Atopic dermatitis
Major ADRs/SEs: Acneiform eruption, allergic contact dermatitis

Colchicine

Brand: Colcrys, Mitigare
Indication: Antigout agent
Major ADRs/SEs: Diarrhea, N/V, pharyngeal pain

Allopurinol

Brand: Aloprim, Zyloprim
Indication: Antigout agent
Major ADRs/SEs: Acute gout attack, hepatotoxicity, rash/hypersentitivity

Potassium Chloride

Brand: Klor-On, K-sol, K-tab, Micro-K
Indication: Oral electrolyte supplement
Major ADRs/SEs: Bradycardia, angina, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, abdominal pain

Cyanobalamin

Brand: Nasocal B-12
Indication: Vitamin supplement
Major ADRs/SEs: Headache, infection, weakness (asthenia)

Folic Acid

Brand: FA - 8
Indication: Vitamin supplement
Major ADRs/SEs: Flushing, malaise, pruritus, rash, bronchospasm

Alendronate

Brand: Fosamax, Binosto
Indication: Bisphosphonate derivative -> Metabolic bone disease agent
Major ADRs/SEs: Femur fractures, GI mucosal irritation, hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw

Lisinopril

Brand: Prinivil, Zestril
Indication: ACE Inhibitor -> Hypertension
Major ADRs/SEs: Acute kidney injury, angioedema, cough, hyperkalemia, FETAL TOXICITY

Enalapril

Brand: Vasotec, Epaned
Indication: ACE Inhibitor -> Hypertension
Major ADRs/SEs: Acute kidney injury, angioedema, cough, hyperkalemia, FETAL TOXICITY

Ramipril

Brand: Altace
Indication: ACE Inhibitor -> Hypertension
Major ADRs/SEs: Acute kidney injury, angioedema, cough, hyperkalemia, FETAL TOXICITY

Benazepril

Brand: Lotensin
Indication: ACE Inhibitor -> Hypertension
Major ADRs/SEs: Acute kidney injury, angioedema, cough, hyperkalemia, FETAL TOXICITY

Losartan

Brand: Cozaar
Indication: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker -> Hypertension
Major ADRs/SEs: Acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia, edema, FETAL TOXICITY

Olmesartan

Brand: Benicar
Indication: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker -> Hypertension
Major ADRs/SEs: Dizziness, headache, FETAL TOXICITY

Irbesartan

Brand: Avapro
Indication: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker -> Hypertension
Major ADRs/SEs: Renal function deterioration, Angioedema, hyperkalemia, hypotension, FETAL TOXICITY

Valsartan

Brand: Diovan
Indication: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker -> Hypertension
Major ADRs/SEs: Acute kidney injury, angioedema, hyperkalemia, hypotension, FETAL TOXICITY

Hydrochlorothiazide

Brand: Microzide
Indication: Thiazide Diuretic -> Hypertension, edema
Major ADRs/SEs: Lupus-like rash, dermatologic toxicity, gout, electrolyte disturbances

Chlorothiadone

Brand: Hydroton
Indication: Thiazide-like Diuretic -> Hypertension, edema, HF (more potent than HCTZ)
Major ADRs/SEs: Hypotension, alopecia, jaundice, dizziness

Furosemide

Brand: Lasix
Indication: Loop Diuretic -> Edema, fluid overload
Major ADRs/SEs: Orthostatic hypotension, SEVER FLUID LOSS/DIURESIS

Triamterene/HCTZ

Brand: Dyazide, Maxzide
Indication: K+ Sparing + Thiazide Diuretics -> HTN, edema
Major ADRs/SEs: Hypotension, dizziness, headache, HYPERKALEMIA

Spironolactone

Brand: Aldactone
Indication: K+ Sparing Diuretic -> HTN, HF, edema
Major ADRs/SEs: Hyperkalemia, breast tenderness, diarrhea, headache, TUMORIGENIC

Amlodipine

Brand: Norvasc
Indication: Calcium Channel Blocker -> Angina, HTN
Major ADRs/SEs: Peripheral edema, flushing, pruritus, abdominal pain

Nifedipine

Brand: Adalate, Procardia
Indication: Calcium Channel Blocker -> Angina, HTN
Major ADRs/SEs: Angina/MI, hypotension, syncope, peripheral edema

Verapamil

Brand: Calan, Isoptin, Verelan
Indication: Calcium Channel Blocker -> Angina, AFib, HTN, supraventricular tachycardia
Major ADRs/SEs: Acute decompensated HF, bradyarrhythmia, hepatic effects

Atenolol

Brand: Tenormin
Indication: B1 Selective BB -> Angina
Major SEs: Bradyarrhythmias, Bronchospasms, CNS effects, hypoglycemia, withdrawal, INCREASED RISK OF MI/ANGINA UPON D/C

Metoprolol

Brand: Toprol
Indication: B1 Selective -> Angina, antiarrhythmic
Major SEs: Bradyarrhythmias, Bronchospasms, CNS effects, hypoglycemia, withdrawal, INCREASED RISK OF MI/ANGINA UPON D/C

Nebivolol

Brand: Bystolic
Indication: B1 Selective BB -> Angina, antiarrhythmic
Major SEs: Bradyarrhythmias, Bronchospasms, CNS effects, hypoglycemia, withdrawal, INCREASED RISK OF MI/ANGINA UPON D/C

Propanolol

Brand: Inderal
Indication: Non-selective BB -> Angina, antiarrhythmic
Major SEs: Bradyarrhythmias, Bronchospasms, CNS effects, hypoglycemia, withdrawal, INCREASED RISK OF MI/ANGINA UPON D/C

Carvedilol

Brand: Coreg
Indication: BB w AB ability -> HF, HTN
Major SEs: Bradyarrhythmias, Bronchospasms, CNS effects, hypoglycemia, withdrawal, INCREASED RISK OF MI/ANGINA UPON D/C

Doxazosin

Brand: Cadura
Indication: A1 Blocker -> BPH and HTN (concurrently)
Major SEs: Floppy iris syndrome, orthostatic hypotension

Terazosin

Brand: Hytrin
Indication: Alpha 1 Blocker -> BPH and HTN
Major SEs: Orthostatic hypotension

Clonidine

Brand: Catapres, Kapvay, Duraclon
Indication: A2 Agonist -> HTN
Major SEs: Hemodynamic instability (epidural formulation)

Hydralazine

Brand: Apresoline
Indication: A2 Agonist (vasodilator) -> HTN
Major SEs: Lupus-like syndrome

Guanfacine

Brand: Intuniv
Indication: A2 Agonist (vasodilator) -> HTN
Major SEs: Cardiovascular effects, CNS effects, rebound HTN

Atorvastatin

Brand: Lipitor
Indication: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor -> Dyslipidemia
Major SEs: TERATOGENIC, Rhabdomyolysis, hepatic effects

Lovastatin

Brand: Altoprev, Mevacor
Indication: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor -> Dyslipidemia
Major SEs: TERATOGENIC, Rhabdomyolysis, hepatic effects

Pravastatin

Brand: Pravachol
Indication: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor -> Dyslipidemia
Major SEs: TERATOGENIC, Rhabdomyolysis, hepatic effects

Rosuvastatin

Brand: Crestor
Indication: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor -> Dyslipidemia
Major SEs: TERATOGENIC, Rhabdomyolysis, hepatic effects

Simvastatin

Brand: Zocor
Indication: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor -> Dyslipidemia
Major SEs: TERATOGENIC, Rhabdomyolysis, hepatic effects

Ezetimibe

Brand: Zetia
Indication:
Major SEs: Cannot be used in combo w/ statins in pregnant patients, hepatic effects, muscle-related effects

Fenofibrate

Brand: Trilipix, Triglide, Tricor, Lofibra
Indication: Fibric Acid -> Dyslipidemia
Major SEs: Rhabdomyolysis, photosensitivity, renal effects, hepatic effects

Niacin

Brand: Niaspan, Slo-Niacin
Indication: Vitamin supplement
Major SEs: Flushing, headache, itching

Omega-3-Acid

Brand: Lovaza, Vascepa
Indication: Omega 3 Fatty Acid -> Dyslipidemia
Major SEs: Dyspepsia, diarrhea, fishy breath/taste

Rivaroxaban

Brand: Xarelto
Indication: Factor Xa Inhibitor -> Anticoagulant
Major SEs: Bleeding

Warfarin

Brand: Coumadin, Jentoven
Indication: Vit K Antagonist -> Anticoagulant
Major SEs: Bleeding

Enoxaparin

Brand: Lovenox
Indication: Low Molecular Weight Heparin -> Anticoagulant
Major SEs: Anticoagulant

Apixaban

Brand: Eliquis
Indication: Factor Xa Inhibitor -> Anticoagulant
Major SEs: Bleeding

Clopidogrel

Brand: Plavix
Indication: Thienopyridine ADP Receptor Antag -> Antiplatelet
Major SEs: Bleeding

Dipyridamole + Aspirin

Brand: Aggrenox
Indication: Salicylate combination -> Antiplatelet
Major SEs: Bleeding

Epoetin

Brand: Epogen, Procrit
Indication: Erythropoiesis stimulating agent -> Antiplatelet
Major SEs: Bleeding

Amiodarone

Brand: Cordarone, Pacerone, Nexterone
Indication: Class III (K+ Channel Blocker) Antiarrhythmic
Major SEs: Pulmonary fibrosis, arrhythmia

Digoxin

Brand: Lanoxin, Digitek, Digox
Indication: Class V (Miscellaneous, cardiac glycoside) Antiarrhythmic
Major SEs: GI Effects, CNS Effects

Isosorbide Mononitrate

Brand: Imdur
Indication: Vasodilator -> Antianginal
Major SEs: Hypotension, arrhythmia

Nitroglycerin

Brand: Minitran, Nitro-Bid, Nitro-Dur,etc.
Indication: Vasodilator -> Antanginal
Major SEs: Hypotension

Diltiazem

Brand: Cardiazem, Matzim, Tiazac
Indication: Non-Dihydropyridine CCB -> Antianginal, Class IV Anti-HTNive