psych cognitive module - day 3

Taste aversion

You eat something can you get sick so the next time you encounter that food you feel nauseous

Biologic preparedness

Biologic predisposition to associate certain stimuli with other pairings

Higher order conditioning

Where you are using a previously conditioned stimulus as a new unconditioned stimulus for a new neutral stimulus

Latent inhibition

Learning is going to take longer because the organism is already familiar with the stimulus in a different context

Renewal effect

Where you learn something in one context and then you move to a different environment where that learning is no longer relevant but you still show this responding when you move back to the original environment

Thorndike’s law of effect

If an action occurs and is followed by a positive consequence that action is more likely to reoccur

Reinforcement

Trying to increase a behavior

Punishment

Decreasing the likelihood that a behavior will reoccur

Positive punishment

When you are adding something to the situation to get the change in behavior

Negative punishment

Taking something away in order to change the likelihood of the action

Ratio

Responding based on the action of the individual

Interval

Based on time

Fixed amount

The amount stays the same across repeated consequences

Variable consequences

The amount of responses or time changes between consequences

Learning typically happens quicker when using…

Ratio

Partial reinforcement

Instead of rewarding or punishing every single behavior there are going to be times where one isn’t given

Context reinforcement

Whether something is reinforced or punished is based on the context it is in

Primary reinforcer

Fulfill some sort of biologic need

Secondary reinforcer

Does not fill any sort of biologic need and you have to learn that its something that you want

Premack principle

You can reinforce a less desirable activity with a desirable activity

Shaping

Reward behavior as it gets closer and closer to the final desired behavior

Token economies

Rather than something like money that has value wherever you go you use tokens which only have value in that specific context and you turn them in for the actual reward

Acquisition

Doing the reinforcement or the punishment

Extinction

Where you have stopped doing any sort of reinforcement for the action so there is learning to stop responding

Spontaneous recovery

Haven’t gotten any sort of consequence that lead them to that action but they will engage with that action

Discrimination

Know the difference between two stimuli

Generalization

Doesn’t understand difference between two stimuli

Culture (difference between cc and oc)

Cc- not going to be as influenced by culture

Oc- what’s reinforcing in one culture might not be reinforcing in other culture

Behavior (difference between cc and oc)

Cc- when an organisms associates two stimuli it causes an automatic or involuntary response

Oc- when an organism learns that its behavior leads to rewards or punishments it changes how likely they are to repeat that behavior

Consequence (difference between cc and oc)

Operant conditioning is way more focused on consequence

Deconditioning

Systematically teach an organism to unlearn something they have previously learned

Evaluative conditioning

Hoping to create a change in the perception of something based on the pairing

Generalization gradient

The more similar an organisms associates two perceives two stimuli the more likely they are to experience generalization

Stimulus organism response

The best way to understand a response is to understand an organisms reaction and perception of a stimuli

Instinctive drift

Instinctive action is going to interfere with learning

Latent learning

Where you learn something but do not get an opportunity to display that learning until a later point