chem exam 2 aka now

core electrons -

intermost electrons

valence electrons -

outermost electrons/involved in reactions

lewis structures

represent atoms with valence electrons (each one is a “dot”)

metals _____ valence electrons

lose

nonmetals _____ valence electrons

gain

cation

positive charge

anion

negative charge

mono

1

di

2

tri

3

tetra

4

penta

5

hexa

6

hepta

7

octa

8

nona

9

deca

10

binary ionic

contain 2 elements, 1 metal and 1 nonmetal

ternary ionic

contains 3 elements (at least 1 metal and 1 nonmetal). ex: KNO3

binary molecules

contains 2 nonmetals ex: H2O, NH3.

binary acids

aqueous solution of a compound containing hydrogen and a non-metal. ( HCI (aq) )

tetnary oxyacids

aqueous solution of a compound containing hydrogen, oxygen, and a nonmetal.

monoatomic ion

single atom with a charge. Li+

polyatomic ion

group of atoms that are bonded together with an “overall” charge. [NH4]+

ions are held together by _____

opposite charges

molecules are held together by _____

bonds

imbalance leads to ______

charged atoms → ions

group -

vertical column of elements

period -

horizontal row of elements

representative (main group) elements -

s-block/p-block, have predictable behavior

transition elements -

d-block, less predictable behavior

atoms get smaller moving

left → right

atoms get bigger moving

top → bottom