Unit 2 - Migration

Comprehensive review flashcards covering key terms, migration types, push/pull factors, and intraregional and international migration trends from Chapter 3.

What is an asylum seeker?

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee.

What is brain drain?

Large-scale emigration by talented people.

What is circular migration?

The temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment.

How is circulation defined in terms of human movement?

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

What is counterurbanization?

Net migration from urban to rural areas in developed countries.

What is emigration?

Permanent movement of people from a location.

What is family-based migration?

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives previously migrated there.

What is a floodplain?

The area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends.

What is forced migration?

Permanent movement of people compelled by political or environmental factors.

What was a guest worker historically?

A term once used for a worker in search of a higher-paying job who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa.

What is immigration?

Permanent movement of people to a new location.

What is internal migration?

Permanent movement of people within a particular country.

What is an internally displaced person (IDP)?

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but who has not migrated across an international border.

What is international migration?

Permanent movement of people from one country to another.

What is interregional migration?

Permanent movement of people from one region of a country to another.

What is an intervening obstacle?

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

What is intraregional migration?

Permanent relocation of people within one region of a country.

How is migration defined in relation to diffusion?

A form of relocation diffusion involving permanent relocation of people to a new location.

What is the migration transition?

A change in the pattern of movement of people in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produces the demographic transition.

What is mobility?

All types of movements of people between locations.

What is net migration?

The difference in a given place between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

What is a pull factor?

A reason that induces people to move to a new location.

What is a push factor?

A reason that induces people to leave old locations.

What is a quota in reference to migration?

A law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

What is a refugee?

Someone who is forced to migrate from their home country and who cannot return to that home country for fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

What is a remittance?

Transfer of money by migrant workers from the country into which they immigrated to people in the country from which they emigrated.

What is step migration?

Movement of people that follows a path of a series of stages or steps toward a final destination.

What is an unauthorized immigrant?

A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so.

What is voluntary migration?

Permanent movement of people undertaken by choice.

What age group comprises the majority of migrants?

Most migrants are young adults.

How has large-scale interregional migration shifted the center of population in the United States?

It has resulted in the movement of the U.S. center of population to the west and south.

What are the primary directions of intraregional migration in developing versus developed countries?

Intraregional migration is primarily from rural to urban areas in developing countries and from cities to suburbs in developed countries.

What is the primary reason why most people migrate?

Most people migrate in search of work.

Approximately how many unauthorized immigrants reside in the United States, and what proportion originates from Mexico?

The United States has around 11 million unauthorized immigrants, with around half from Mexico.

Since what year has the number of unauthorized immigrants from Mexico to the United States been declining?

Since 2007.

What type of landscape is represented by the border region between Sasabe, Arizona, and Sasabe, Mexico?

Dryland.

5 of Ravenstein’s laws of migration

Distance and Decay (friction of distance), step migration, long-distance mostly to major centers, counterstreams (all in flows also goes out), urban v.s. rural natives (less migratory in towns/cities than rural agricultural areas)

Stages of Zelinsky's Migration Transition Model

1. Very little permanent migration; most movement is local.

2. High rural-to-urban migration; rapid population growth increases pressure on rural employment and resources; international emigration may increase.

3. Rural-to-urban migration continues; international immigration becomes more significant as economic development increases.

4. High urban-to-suburban migration; countries generally attract international immigrants; greater movement between cities and suburbs.

5. Continued suburbanization and counterurbanization; migration patterns become increasingly complex.

Zelinsky's Migration Transition Model (ZMTM)

A model explaining how migration patterns change as countries develop economically and progress through the DTM.