INTRO TO BIO EXAM 3: Section 1 ~ Plant Structure and Growth

Glucose

1. Is a monosaccaride / single sugar unit

2. building block for complex carbs

What does it mean to be a monosaccaride / single sugar?

-quick energy source

-main substrate for cellular respiration (ATP production)

Two types of complex carbs

1. Starch

2. Cellulose

Starch

The energy storage carb in plants

Cellulose

structural carb in plant cell walls

Purpose of roots

1. anchors plants in the soil

2. absorb water & minerals

3. store carbs (energy)

Structures of roots

-Primary Root

-Lateral Roots

-Root Hairs

-Mycorrhizae

-Pneumatophores

Primary Root

1st root to emerge from the germinating seed

anchors the plant to the soil

Lateral Root

branches off of the primary root

anchors the plant to the soil

Root Hairs

-extension of epidermal cells

-increase the absorbative surface area

-MOST water and mineral absorption occurs through these

Mycorrhizae

-mutualistic fungus that associates with plant roots

-80% of plants have mycorrhizae

-increase the absorbative surface area for water & mineral absorption

Pneumatophores

-absorbing oxygen in waterlogged, low oxygen soils

functions of the stem

-orient leaves for maximum photosynthesis

-elevate reproductive structure to facilitiate pollen, fruit, and seed dispersal

Rhizomes

horizontal underground stems

Tubers

stems specialized for storage

Stolons

spread on top of ground

functions of leaves

-absorb light for photosynthesis (chloroplasts of leaves)

-exchange gases

-dissipate heate

-defense

meaning of small leaves on a plant

-dry environment

-dissipate heat & conserve water

meaning of large leaves on a plant

-wet enviroments

-leaf modifiers: spines (defense),, tendris (support), reproductive leaves, storage leaves

What is E?

Large Central Vacuole

Large Central Vacuole

-stores water

-allows the plant to absorb water without dilluting the cytoplasm

-maintain turgor pressure

What does C represent?

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

gel-like material that holds the material inside the cell, containing water and nutrients

What does A represent?

Cell Wall

Cell Wall

-outside of the plasma membrane

-prevents cell bursting

-plants can absorb a lot of freshwater

What does D represent?

Plastid

Plastid

chloroplasts with chlorophyll OR other plastids for storage