world at war midterm

assassinated by nationalists, triggered beginning of ww1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

terrorism

calculated and unlawful use of violence to instill fear and achieve goals

assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nationalist

Gavrilo Princip

contingency

future event that is possible but not certain to happen

shock weapons

clubs, knifes, axes, stone or bone

projectile weapons

spear, bow and arrow

dual-use technology

can be used for more than one use (fighting-hunting)

war

intense, sustained, and organized fighting between groups

10,000 years ago, bodies left unburied, burnt and projectile force, 27 victims

Lake Turkana

Herodotus

“father of history” wrote about battles of greek-persian war

Hoplite Phalanx

a greek fighting formation, interlock shields, long spears, short swords

Thucydides

athenian historian and general, wrote history of Peloponnesian war

Alexander the Great

created one of the largest empires Macedonian, never lost a single battle

ottoman empire

early adapters of gunpowder weapons, duty is to spread islam

gunpowder

first use in 9th century china, enters EU as small arms through Arab trade in 14th century

The “Taker of Cities”

helepolis, largest and most powerful greek moveable siege tower ever

Mehmed II

sultan of Ottoman Empire twice, the father of conquest, captured Constantinople

siege of Constantinople

byzantine empire captured by ottoman empire, happened because of Gods plan

janissaires

first professional army since Roman Empire, took christian boys and forces them into he army

Habsburg empire

dynasty; family line survives, divinity; Catholic Church, warfare; largest army

mercenaries

soldiers paid with cash stipends and loot, usually foreign, used hooks pokes muskets and crossbows, army of 150,000 at times

Charles V

ruler of Habsburg empire at its largest, “defender of faith”, physically involved in battles

fugger bank

largest bank of 16th century, primarily loaned to Habsburg, cycle of war and debt

battle of tenochtitlan

94 day siege, gunpowder weapons, disease, indigenous allies, Spanish v Aztecs

battle of Cajamarca

pizzaro v Incan empire, expedition supported by Charles V, 190 Spanish troops vs 80,000 indigenous fighters, gunpowder, horses, ambush

French revolution

tax revolt, gov by people, execute king, coalitions of rulers wage war against France

Napoleon

put family members as rulers in places he conquered

levee en masse

writing encouraging citizens to participate in war, all ages can support the war

guerilla warfare

engaging in small scale warfare(sabotage, assassinations), Spanish resistance

congress of Vienna

how to recover and restore power of monarches in France after 20 yrs

balance of power

peace is best preserved when no power becomes so powerful that it can menace the indolence of others, offset this through alliances and coalitions

Clemens von metternich

chancellor of Austria and chief negotiator, goal to restore monarchy, modern wars lead to revolution (balance of power)

carl von clausewitz

apprentice soldier born in Prussia and fought against revolutionary France and Napoleon, war is political intercourse

Otto von Bismarck

first German chancellor, credited for founding German nation, unifying German states will increase Persian power

franco-prussia war

German empire humiliated France, leads to the causes of WWI and WWII

breech loading rifle

loaded from the back, can reload whilst lying down, grooves within barrel make shooting straighter