Sociology Test 1

Sociology definition

A systematic/scientific study of social interations and structure of society

Sociology origins

Industrial revolution in America and Europe that brought different groups of people to cities/urban areas to work in factories

Development of Society

Theological, Metaphysical, and Positivism

Theological

Religion based

Behavior influenced by the devil

Metaphysical

Human Nature (the way humans are)

Positivism

Scientific (Laws and Rules)

Look at evidence

Methodological- Research, Scientists

Social and Political- Rules/Laws, Lawmakers

Social Structural-Fuctionalism

Views culture as a relatively stable system built on core values

Follow Rules

Two types of Societies have emerged in Human Development

1. Mechanical Society- hunting-gathering, characterized by less stress and crime

2. Organic Society- Money as medium of exchange, characterized by more stress and more criminal activity

Social-Conflict Theory

Sees culture as a dynamic area

Not Follow Rules

Symbolic Interactionism

Interact with symbols- without speaking (ex-body language)

Sociological Imagination

The ability to see the relationship between individual (learning) experiences and the larger society or immediate social settings

Elements of Culture

• Values

• Beliefs

• Norms

• Symbols

Cross-cultural relations

• Cultural Shock

• Ethnocentrism

• Cultural Relativism

• Multiculturalism

• Assimilation

Socialization

Lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals learn to acquire skills (social and technical), personality, and self-identity necessary for survival in the group or society

Agents of Socialization

• Family Culture

• Neighborhood Culture

• School Culture

• Peer Group Culture

• Religion Culture

• Society Culture

Sigmund Freud Personality Traits

Id: Pleasure-seeking human drives

Ego: Effort to balance the Id and Superego

Superego: Demands of society in the form of internalized values

Jean Piaget Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Stage- Knowing the world only through the senses

Formal Operational- Abstract and critical thinking

Kohlberg Moral Development

Stage 1- Obedience Learning

Stage 2- Self-awareness learning

Stage 3- Moral worldwide view awareness (Justice/Human Rights)

Cooley: The Looking-Glass Self Theory of Socialization

Our Self-Presentation to Other’s Evaluation/Judgement to Our feelings in Response/Reaction

Mead: The Social Self Theory of Socialization

i- The spontaneous traits that make the individual unique

me- Represents the internalized attitude and demands placed upon the individual by others (ex-captian)