PROCESSES (Linux)

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54 Terms

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Process
A program that is currently running in the system
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Process Characteristics
Can be started from GUI or command line and can create other processes
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Process Creation
A process can only be created by another process
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ps Command
Displays a snapshot of current running processes
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top Command
Displays real-time system processes and performance
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jobs Command
Lists active jobs in the shell
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bg Command
Sends a job to run in the background
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fg Command
Brings a job to the foreground
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Process State R
Running process
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Process State S
Sleeping process waiting for an event
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Process State D
Uninterruptible sleep waiting for I/O
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Process State T
Traced or stopped process
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Process State Z
Zombie process that is terminated but not cleaned up
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Zombie Process
A terminated child process that still exists because parent has not cleaned it
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High Priority Process (<)
Indicates a process with high priority
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Low Priority Process (N)
Indicates a process with low priority
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Locked Memory (L)
Process has pages locked into memory
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Session Leader (s)

Process that controls/leads a session

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Multithreaded (l)
Process with multiple threads
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Foreground Process (+)
Process running in the foreground group
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USER (ps aux)
Owner of the process
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%CPU
Percentage of CPU usage of a process
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%MEM
Percentage of memory usage of a process
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VSZ
Virtual memory size used by the process
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RSS
Actual physical memory used by the process
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START
Time when the process started
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Load Average
Number of processes waiting to run on CPU
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Uptime
Time since the system was last booted
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Tasks
Total number of processes and their states
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CPU us
CPU usage for user processes
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CPU sy
CPU usage for system processes
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CPU ni
CPU usage for low priority processes
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CPU id
CPU idle time
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CPU wa
CPU waiting time for I/O
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CPU hi
CPU time servicing hardware interrupts
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CPU si
CPU time servicing software interrupts
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CPU st
CPU time stolen by hypervisor
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Niceness
Value that determines process priority
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High Niceness
Lower priority process
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Low Niceness
Higher priority process
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PID
Unique process identifier
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PR
Priority value of a process ranging from -20 to 19
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NI
Niceness value affecting process priority
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VIRT
Total virtual memory used by a process
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RES
Non-swapped physical memory used
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SHR
Shared memory available to other processes
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S (Status)
Current state of the process
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TIME+
Total CPU time used by the process
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COMMAND
Name or path of the executed process
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KiB Mem
Amount of RAM used in kilobytes
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KiB Swap
Amount of virtual memory used
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Ctrl + C
Command used to terminate a running process
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Foreground Process
Process currently in active use
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Background Process
Process running without user interaction