Electromagnetic Energy Part 1 rad 130

Bundle of energy called quantum which travels at the speed of light (c) and can also exist at various energy levels. (smallest quantity of any type of Electromagnetic radiation). energy disturbances in space which have no mass/charge and have a field around them called the electromagnetic field. Consists of both electric and magnetic and must be moving to exist.

What is a Photon?

sinusoidal fashion/wave

In what way do photons move?

1 cycle consisting of 2 pulses. Contains both a crest and a valley where the positive half represents the top (crest) and negative the bottom (valley) or negative half.

What's a sine wave?

Amplitude

Height of a wave (Maximum displacement from its equilibrium point) (½ range from crest to valley of sine wave)

Frequency

Number of crests or valleys which pass a point in a given amount of time (represented by "f").

Hertz (Hz) (1Hz= 1 cycle/sec)

Basic unit of measure for frequency?

Wavelength

Distance from one crest to another, or from one valley to another. (measured in meters (m) ) symbol is lambda (λ).

Lambda

What's the symbol for wavelength?

Meter (lambda λ) (Angstrom)

Basic unit of measure for wavelength?

Inverse (if traveling at same speed/velocity). As wavelength increases, frequency decreases if the speed/velocity is constant.

How are wavelength and frequency related?

v = fλ

velocity = frequency x wavelength

What is the wave equation?

The speed of an electromagnetic wave equals its frequency times its wavelength. So, if you know how often the wave vibrates (frequency) and how long each wave is (wavelength), you can find how fast it's moving.

Why is the wave equation important? What does it tell us about electromagnetic waves?

c=fλ

Electromagnetic radiation = frequency x wavelength

What is the Electromagnetic wave equation?

All Friendly Waves Vibrate

Mnemonic for remembering the measurable characteristics of waves?

Amplitude

Frequency

Wavelength

Velocity (speed of light)

All Electromagnetic radiation is "c"

All waves have their own measurable characteristics. What are they?

10 crests per 1 second (10Hz)

You count 40 crests passing you in a 4 second period, what is the frequency?

Every second, 60 crests occur. So, in 1/60 of a second each crest occurs 1 crest out of the 60 occur.

A current has a frequency of 60 Hz, how long will it take for one cycle to complete?

Meters per second (m/s)

Basic unit of measure for velocity?

Electron volt or ev (joules)

Basic unit of measure for energy?

3x10^8 m/s / 5000m = 60,000 or 6x10^4

A photon has a wavelength of 5000 m. What is the frequency of the photon?

3x10^8 m/s / 900m = 3.33x10^5

A photon has a wavelength of .9km. What is the frequency of the photon?

Electromagnetic spectrum (EMS)

The range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends. Wavelength and energy are inversely related, so as wavelength decreases, energy increases. Energy is directly proportional to frequency, so as energy increases, frequency increases.

Radiofrequency (RF)

low energy, long wavelength, low frequency. MRI uses this to take images. (identified by frequency)

Visible light

electromagnetic waves that you can see, measured in nanometers (nm) (identified by wavelength)

Ionizing radiation

energy of photon high enough to cause damage, an 80Kvp contains photons from 0-80kev. An xray photon has much more energy than visible light photons or RF. (identified by energy)

Frequency increases and wavelength decreases (inverse)

If an X-ray photons have more energy than visible light or RF photons, what happens to wavelength and frequency?

electromagnetic

What type of energy is a photon?

speed of light (3x10^8)

What is the velocity of a photon?

Meters per second (m/s)

Base unit for velocity (SI)?

electromagnetic fields

What fields surround a photon?

Sinusoidal fashion/wave

In what fashion do photons move?

Crest

What is each bump called on a sine wave?

Valley

Each dip is referred to as what on a sine wave?

cycle

2 "bumps" are referred to as what?

Amplitude

Frequency

Wavelength

Velocity (speed of light)

All Electromagnetic radiation is "c"

All waves have what major characteristics?

Height of a wave (Maximum displacement from its equilibrium point) (½ range from crest to valley of sine wave)

What is amplitude?

Number of crests or valleys which pass a point in a given amount of time (represented by "f").

What is frequency?

f

What symbol is used for frequency?

Hertz (Hz)

What is the base unit of measure for frequency (SI)?

Distance from one crest to another, or from one valley to another. (measured in meters (m) ) symbol is lambda (λ).

What is wavelength?

meters

What is the base unit for wavelength (SI)?

lambda (λ)

What symbol is used for wavelength?

Inverse

What's the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

Inverse

What's the relationship between wavelength and energy?

Directly related

What's the relationship between energy and frequency?

Increases

When referring to the Electromagnetic spectrum, what happens to energy as you move up the spectrum?

Decreases

When referring to the Electromagnetic spectrum, what happens to wavelength as you move up the spectrum?

Increases

When referring to the Electromagnetic spectrum, what happens to frequency as you move up the spectrum?

Electron volt or EV (joules)

What is the base unit for energy in X-ray?

v = fλ

velocity = frequency x wavelength

What is the wave equation?

c=fλ

Electromagnetic radiation = frequency x wavelength

What is the electromagnetic wave equation?

Measured in nanometers (nm) and identified by it's wavelength

Although all photons have wavelength, frequency, and energy, how do we more specifically classify visible light?

Identified by frequency and its low energy, long wavelength, low frequency.

Although all photons have wavelength, frequency, and energy, how do we more specifically classify Radiofrequency?

Identified by energy

Although all photons have wavelength, frequency, and energy, how do we more specifically classify X-ray's?

Energy: increases

Frequency: increases

Wavelength: decreases

As Kvp increases, what happens to energy, frequency, and wavelength?