Animal Science Chps. 1,2,5,6

Of the total energy in human food provided by plants what plant-based food group provides the greatest percent?

cereals

Which of these continents contains the smallest population of sheep

north and central america

Meat provides ________ of the animal protein consumed in the world.

48.4%

Which animal by-product is used to produce buttons and jewelry

bones

The highest population of swine can be found on which continent

Asia

Which of the following is the least important contributor to total world meat supplies

goat

What portion of the feed used in the USA livestock industry is inedible to humans

2/3

_____ is the very fine underfur of the Kashmir goat

cashmere

Pigs, cattle, and _____ provide the majority of the world's meat (excluding fish)

poultry

Desertification is often the result of people acquiring too much livestock which ______ the land

fallow

In the USA ____% of the protein consumed by the human population is derived from animal products

66

The process of replacing a human organ with one from an animal is known as

xenotransplantation

Although oxen and buffalos are both powerful draft animals _____ are faster on dry land

oxen

On a worldwide basis, the animal that is the second largest producer of milk is the

buffalo

two disciplines of animal science.

Physiology and biotechnology

Biomedical research on animals has failed to add significantly to the average human lifespan

false

the study of behavior in domestic animals is called animal rights

false

in developed countries, animals generally contribute a lower percentage of total calories to the human diet than plants do

true

Approximately what percent of the world's total calories are provided by plants

82%

The production of pork has increased by ______ from 1995-2005

22.4%

which of the following animals produce a fiber that is used to make the best horse blankets

yak

Donkeys were domesticated by ______ BC

4000

______ is the study of how diseases, parasites and environmental factors affect the productivity and welfare of an animal

animal health

Livestock and aquatic animals provide ________ of the food supply for the United States.

27%

In developed countries the term used to describe edible animal by-product is

variety meats

____ is the discipline of animal science dealing with the study of the physical and chemical processes of an animal or the body systems and cells of an animal

physiology

_____ is the term used to describe the relationship of the nutrients found in a food compared to the calories of the food

nutrient density

The dependence of humans on domesticated animals was carefully planned by the early domesticators.

false

three items produced from animal products

Cellophane, insecticides, and water filters

the proportion of animal foods in the human food supply can be used to gauge a country's living standard

true

___ the study of the body's need and mechanism of acquiring, digesting, transporting and metabolizing nutrients

Nutrition

A _____ is a chemical element or compound that supports normal growth, reproduction, lactation or maintenance of life processes

nutrient

___ is equal to fecal loss from the animal subtracted from the gross energy of the nutrients

digestible energy

Basic types of analytical method used in analyzing feed for nutrient content

microbiological, biological and chemical procedures

essential amino acids

methionine, histidine, arginine

water soluable vitamins are

Vitamin B and C

Factors affecting nutrient utilization of feed by animals

species of animal, physical form of feed, nutrient balance, age

_____ partitions feed into water, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, and nitrogen extract

proximate analysis

a basic nutritionist is first and foremost interested in maximal cost effective feeding in a production setting

false

____ is the name of the material consisting of food, saliva and gastric secretions as it leaves the stomach

chyme

____ the secretion from the liver that is stored in the gallbladder prior to being released into the duodenum

bile

____ is composed of the rumen, reticulum, and omasum in ruminants

forestomach

What percent of a ruminant animal's total energy needs is provided by volatile fatty acids

50-70

What alkaline secretions mix with the chyme in the duodenum of the animal

bile, succus entericus, pancreatic juices

What percent of the horses's digestive tract is accounted for by the stomach

8%

the physical and mechanical actions of chewing

mastication

the act of swallowing or passing food or water from the mouth to the first stomach compartment via the esophagus

deglutition

the removal of gas from the rumen via the esophagus

eructation

the cow is the only farm animal in which salivary amylase is secreted in the saliva

false

___ is the combined set of a tions and biological functions of a living being directed at producing an offspring

reproduction

___ is the term used in nutrition to refer to the set of inorganic elements thus far established as necessary for life in one or more animal species

minerals

Carbs contain approximately ___ kilocalories of energy per gram

4.0

Approximately how many dietary essential amino acids are there

50

the finishing phase for livestock requires a higher percentage of the total diet to be protein than does the growth phase

false

mono gastric animal only has ___ stomach

one

_____ is the combination of nutrients needed for basal metabolism and normal animal movement

the maintenance nutrient requirement

the ____ is the common orifice for waste, elimination, copulation and egg laying in female birds

cloaca

How many gallons of saliva might a horse secrete if fed hay

10

how many liters per day of succus entericus might a human secrete

20

How many weeks of age can a ruminant animal begin to ferment solid foods

6-8 weeks

It is impossible to a horse to regurgitate due to the one way peristaltic movement of the esophagus

true

The proventriculus and abomasum are names for the glandular stomachs in some species

true

the main function of the ______ of the ruminate is to allow the animals to utilize roughage as a source of energy

complex stomach

The earliest domestic food-producing animal species was the

sheep

___ is the technological applications of biology

biotechnology

The pelts of the ____ sheep are used for hats and collars in northern Asia

kuche

____ lambs are best known for the persian lambskin produced from them

karakul

Largest number of camels in the world can be found in Asia

false

____ are used by some humans for construction material

animal body wastes

The domestication of cattle was believe to have been accomplished by ____ BC

6500

World production of honey is estimated at _____ million/MT per year by the FAO of the UN

1.7

Which of the by products is from a renewable a source (bone,blood,skin,wool)

wool

________ animals provide power for many Asian, African, and South American farmers.

draft

Buffalo, goats and sheep provide a source of milk for people

true

the majority of ____ in the U.S diet is provided by animal products

vitamin B12

the combination of pigs, poultry and beef produce _____. percent of all meat from domestic species

93.2

Many entertainment industries are based on animal use

true

____ vitamins are generally involved in regulating body functions such as vision, blood clotting and, tissue maintenance

fat-soluble

____ is the major carb found in forages such as hay and silage

cellulose

On equal weight basis, fats provide _____ times more energy to the animal than carbs do

2.25

the ___ is composed of the colon, cecum, and the rectum in animals

large intestine

_____ is the enzyme in saliva that specifically attacks cellulose in herbivores

cellulase

What doesn't enter the bloodstream once its absorbed from the small intestine

fat soluble vitamins

The size of the ceca in the avian is primarily influenced by the amount of protein in the diet

false

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase are three enzymes that continue protein digestion start by pepsin in gastric juices of swine

true

____ is the nutrient whose deficiency will cause death of an animal faster than any other

water

Which components of feed can be analyzes with infrared lights

moisture, protein, lipid

Sodium and chlorine are micromineral

false

the practice of _____ or eating feces is sometimes used by horses if they are on a poor diet

cecotrophy

An ___ is an animal that selects a diet of both plant matter and meat

omnivore

What is the capacity of a full grown pig's stomach

2 gallons

the reticular groove acts as a bypass of the rumen and empties it contents into the omasum in the young calf

true

the ruminant animal provides an excellent method for converting low-quality into high-quality food products

true

A _____ trial measures total intake and secretion of feed so that retention by the animal body's can be measured

metabolism

What is not an essential amino acid

ascorbic acid

___ is the physical, chemical, and enzymatic means the body uses to render a feedstuff ready for absorption

digestion

Egg production by chickens is increasing at a rate of ____ per year on a worldwide basis

2.1%

The combination of pigs, poultry, and beef produce ___ percent of all meat from the domestic species

93.2%

Approximately what percent of the world's total calories are provided by plants?

82.3%

Animal science is define as the combination of disciplines that together comprise the study of ________

domestic animals