Lec.5: Prokaryotic Morphology

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/12

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

13 Terms

1
New cards

Vibrio functional advantage:

Helical/spiral and vibrio geometries assist bacteria in corkscrewing through liquid media or penetrating host tissue and mucous barriers.

2
New cards

Sarcina (plural: Sarcinae):

Cubical packets of 8 cocci formed by division in 3 regular perpendicular planes (2 stacked tetrads).

3
New cards

Staphylococcus:

Irregular, grape-like clusters formed by division in unrestricted/random planes (staphyl = cluster; coccus= round).

4
New cards

Actinomyces:

Filamentous bacteria that form branching, hair-like hyphal networks resembling fungal growth.

<p><span>Filamentous bacteria that form branching, hair-like hyphal networks resembling fungal growth.</span></p>
5
New cards

Rhodospirulum rubrum:

Long, spiral-shaped (spirillum) bacteria.

<p><span>Long, spiral-shaped (spirillum) bacteria.</span></p>
6
New cards

Vibrio cholerae:

Comma-shaped (vibrio) bacterium equipped with a single polar flagellum; causative agent of cholera.

<p><span>Comma-shaped (vibrio) bacterium equipped with a single polar flagellum; causative agent of cholera.</span></p>
7
New cards

Mycoplasma pneumoniae:

Wall-less bacterium that forms intricate branching extensions to adhere tightly to respiratory epithelial surfaces in human lungs.

<p><span>Wall-less bacterium that forms intricate branching extensions to adhere tightly to respiratory epithelial surfaces in human lungs.</span></p>
8
New cards

Gallionella ferruginea:

Kidney-shaped bacterium that secretes a long, twisted, ribbon-like stalk. The stalk anchors the cell to environmental surfaces and detaches when conditions become unfavorable, allowing the cell to migrate.

<p>Kidney-shaped bacterium that secretes a long, twisted, ribbon-like stalk. <span>The stalk anchors the cell to environmental surfaces and detaches when conditions become unfavorable, allowing the cell to migrate.</span></p>
9
New cards

Haloquadratum walsbyi:

Enclosed in a rigid outer protein S-layer (surface layer) that provides structural protection against extreme osmotic pressure/shock in hypersaline waters.

<p><span>Enclosed in a rigid outer protein </span><strong>S-layer</strong><span> (surface layer) that provides structural protection against extreme osmotic pressure/shock in hypersaline waters. </span></p>
10
New cards

Bacterial Cell Surface-to-Volume (S/V) Ratio

6.0 ; compared to 0.3 for Eukaryotic cell ; Bacteria have a 20× HIGHER S/V ratio

11
New cards

Biological Significance of High S/V Ratio

grow much faster ; high nutrient diffusion rate/rapid exchange

12
New cards

Scale Hierarchy Across Biological Entities

Viruses < Prokaryotes < Eukaryotes: Viruses are universally smaller than the host cells they infect

13
New cards

Giant bacteria physiological adaptations

  • Convoluted Plasma Membrane; folded, invaginated plasma membrane greatly increases physical surface area to maintain an adequate S/V ratio.

  • Central Nitrate Vacuole (Thin Cytoplasm);

  • Polyploid; contains many copies of its genome distributed throughout the cytoplasm to support localized protein transcription and translation.

  • Central Polysaccharide Vacuole;

  • Multinucleated