Animal genetics Lecture 2

What are the 4 requirements of genetic material?

• Store complex information

• Replicate faithfully

• Generate/encode a product

• Allow some variation

What is inheritance?

Traits (phenotypes) are passed from one generation to the next.

What is the Central Dogma?

How DNA influences biology within one individual.

What is Mendel's Principle of Segregation?

Individuals have two copies of every gene, one from each parent.

What is Independent Assortment?

Genes encoding different traits are inherited independently of one another.

What did Morgan's Drosophila studies show?

Chromosomes contain genetic information that encodes traits.

What did Griffith discover in 1928?

Dead virulent bacteria contained a transforming factor that could transform non-virulent bacteria.

What did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty discover?

hey demonstrated that DNA is the transforming factor

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

• Nitrogenous base

• Sugar

• Phosphate group

What sugar is found in DNA?

2-deoxyribose

What sugar is found in RNA?

Ribose

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

What bases pair together in DNA?

A pairs with T; C pairs with G.

How many hydrogen bonds connect A and T?

2 hydrogen bonds

How many hydrogen bonds connect C and G?

3 hydrogen bonds

What does antiparallel mean?

The two DNA strands run in opposite directions: 5′→3′ and 3′→5′.

What are the ends of a DNA strand called?

The 5′ end and 3′ end.

What are dNTPs used for?

dNTPs are combined to form DNA chains.

Why can DNA store lots of information?

ts long chain can contain many different sequences of the 4 bases.

What makes DNA replication faithful?

Base pairing—each DNA strand provides a template for making a matching strand.