Biology Set 1

Reflex Arc

The pathway of neurones in a reflex action:

Stimulus - Sensory Receptor - Sensory Neurone - Relay Neurone - Motor Neurone - Effector - Response

Receptor

A cell or organ that recognises the stimulus

Progesterone

The hormone that maintains uterus lining during later stages of menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Oestrogen (1)

Role (1)

a. Female sex hormone, produced in ovaries

b. Regulates menstrual cycle and controls development of secondary sexual characteristics

Motor Neurone

Neurone that transmits impulses from the relay neurone to the effector to produce a response

Menstrual Cycle

A monthly cycle in women that involves development for uterus lining, ovulation, maintenance of the uterus lining and its shedding.

Luteinising Hormone (LH)

Female reproductive hormone released by the pituitary gland (1)

Stimulates the release of an egg (1)

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF(

The fertilisation of an egg using sperm outside the body

a. What is insulin?

b. What is its job?

a. A hormone produced by the pancreas

b. Controls blood sugar levels, works to decrease glucose levels

Infertility

The inability to reproduce after 12 months or more of unprotected sex

Homostasis

The maintenance of a stable environment in the body despite fluctuations in internal and external conditions

Hormone

Chemical messenger

a. What is glucagon?

b. What roles does it have?

a. A hormone produced by the pancreas

b. Works with insulin to control blood sugar levels. Increases blood glucose concentration by converting glycogen into glucose

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A female reproductive hormone that’s released by the pituitary gland. Responsible for maturation of an egg in the ovary

Endocrine System

A chemical messenger system that releases hormones directly into the bloodstream to control metabolism, development, growth and reproduction

Endocrine Glands

A group of cells that are specialised in secreting chemicals (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.

An effector

A grand or muscle that produces a response to a stimulus to restore optimum conditions

Contraception

Methods used to avoid pregnancy.

Eg: Condoms, combined pill

Adrenaline

A hormone released by the adrenal gland. Involved in a fight or flight response.

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) include/affect?

The brain and spinal chord