Chapter 6: Matters of Sex (Practice Questions)

In a Y chromosome, both tips can cross over with counterparts on an X chromosome, which makes the tips

pseudoautosomal regions

When do gender differences become visible?

9th week of prenatal development

The sex with two of the same sex chromosome is called the Blank______ sex. Multiple choice question. homogametic homoplasmic homozygous homocentric

homogametic

In humans, about 80% of the sequences of the MSY region of Y chromosome are similar to those on the X chromosome. True false question

false

In humans, males are Blank______. Multiple choice question. heterogametic heteroplasmic homogametic homoplasmic

heterogametic

The SRY gene encodes a very important type of protein called a(n) _____ factor, which controls the expression of other genes.

transcription

Identify the functions of pseudoautosomal genes on the Y chromosome.
Multiple select question.

They affect only one sex because of anatomical differences.
They identify the genes that determine sex.
They control energy metabolism.
They control bone growth.

they control energy metabolism, control bone growth

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is caused by a mutation in a gene on the Y chromosome. True false question. True False

false

In humans, gender differences become apparent around the _______ week of prenatal development.

ninth

Individuals whose internal structures are inconsistent with external structures, or whose genitalia are ambiguous, are called ______ individuals.

intersex

Identify the true statement about the Y chromosome. Multiple choice question.

All males have the same number of genes in the MSY region.
Protein-encoding genes are in abundance in the Y chromosome.
The Y chromosome is exactly similar in all respects to X chromosome.
The MSY region of Y chromosome consists of three classes of DNA sequences.

MSY region of Y chromosome consists of three classes of DNA sequences.

When is the level of sexual orientation achieved in an individual?

Multiple choice question.
6 weeks after fertilization
8 weeks after fertilization
During fertilization From childhood

from childhood

A transcription factor that stimulates male development by sending signals to the Sox9 transcription factor that, in turn, stimulates development of male structures from the bipotential gonads while inhibiting further development of female structures, is encoded by the Blank______ gene Multiple choice question.

BAY
YAC
CEN
SEC
SRY

SRY

The concept that populations should have approximately equal numbers of male and female newborns is predicted by Mendel's Blank______.

law of segregation

In androgen insensitivity syndrome, a mutation in a gene on the Blank______ chromosome blocks formation of receptors for Blank______. Multiple choice question.
Y; testosterone
Y; estrogen
X; estrogen
X; testosterone

X, testosterone

What is the term used to describe genes on the Y chromosome? Multiple choice question.

Y-limited Y-located Y-linked Y-associated

y-linked

What is the older, general term for an individual who possesses both male and female sexual structures? Multiple choice question.
Transvestitism
Hermaphroditism
Pseudohermaphroditism
Intersex

hermaphroditism

A human mother who is unaffected by an X-linked trait can pass the trait on to her son, who would be affected by the trait. True false question.

true

Consider an X-linked recessive trait. Which of the following crosses would produce only one type of males and one type of females but with different phenotypes? Multiple choice question.

Homozygous normal female x normal male
Affected female x affected male
Affected female x normal male
Heterozygous female x affected male

affected female x normal male

The proportion of males to females in a human population is called the

sex ratio

Which of the following statements is true about colorblindness? Multiple choice question.

It is far more common in males than in females.
It is as common in females as in males.
It is far more common in females than in males.

It is far more common in males than in females

Mutations in opsin genes cause ______ types of colorblindness.

three

Genes that are found on the X chromosome are said to be X-_____

linked

The Royal families of England, Germany, Spain and Russia suffered from the genetic disease__________B.

hemophilia

In the context of X-linked recessive inheritance, many times, an X-linked trait passes from an unaffected Blank______ to an affected son.

Multiple choice question. heterozygous father heterozygous mother hemizygous father hemizygous mother homozygous mother

heterozygous mother

An affected male and a normal female had four children: two affected daughters and two normal sons.
Each of the affected daughters (and their normal husbands) produced affected sons and affected daughters. The couple's normal sons married normal women and had all normal children. What is the most likely mode of inheritance for this trait? Multiple choice question.

Autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
Autosomal dominant
X-linked recessive

X-linked dominant

If a female is affected with an X-linked recessive disease, to which of her offspring will she pass the trait? Assume her husband is phenotypically normal. Multiple choice question.

To half of her children of either sex
To all of her children of either sex
To none of her children
To her daughters only
To her sons only

to her sons only

A phenotypically-normal woman whose brother has hemophilia is concerned about passing this trait to her offspring. If this woman has a son, what is the risk that her son will have hemophilia? Assume that there are no other affected members in the extended family. Multiple choice question.

1/1 (100%) 1/2 1/8 1/4

1/4

Colorblindess in humans shows which pattern of inheritance? Multiple choice question.

X-linked recessive Autosomal dominant X-linked dominant Autosomal recessive

X-linked recessive

Which of the following traits in humans is sex-limited? Multiple choice question. Heart disease Beard growth Bone strength Pattern baldness

Beard growth

A rare form of colorblindness, where the individual cannot detect blue color, is caused by a mutation in an opsin gene on Blank______. Multiple choice question. chromsome 21 chromosome 7 the X chromosome chromosome 1 the Y chromosome

chromosome 7

An allele is dominant in one sex but recessive in the other in a sex- _____trait.

influenced

Crown Prince Alexei of Russia probably suffered from which X-linked trait? Multiple choice question. Hemophilia A Ichthyosis Hemophilia B Colorblindness

hemophilia B

Females are limited to expressing only one of the two alleles for genes on the X chromosome via a mechanism called

x-inactivation

Consider a male that is affected with an X-linked dominant disease. To which of his offspring will he pass the disease condition? Assume his wife is phenotypically normal. Multiple choice question. To his daughters only To his sons only To none of his children To half of his children of either sex To all of his children of either sex

to his daughters only

The coloration of a calico cat, which includes patches of orange fur and patches of black fur, illustrates the phenomenon of Blank______. Multiple choice question. mosaicism phenocopy genomic imprinting pleiotropy mitochondrial inheritance

mosaicism

For a human female child to be colorblind, her father must be

colorblind

A change that does not alter the DNA base sequence, such as an X-inactivation, is known as a(n) ____change.

epigenetic

Structures or functions of the body that are present in only males or only females are affected by Blank______. Multiple choice question. X-linked traits sex-limited traits sex-influenced traits Y-linked traits

sex-limited traits

X inactivation can be used to Blank______. Multiple choice question. check the sex of an individual determine the lifespan of an individual detect adult-onset disorders determine various diseases in human beings

check the sex of an individual

Which of the following traits in humans is sex-influenced? Multiple choice question. Bone strength Pattern baldness Heart disease Beard growth

pattern baldness

The effects of X inactivation on the phenotype are more pronounced for which of the following individuals?

heterozygous females

X inactivation is a mechanism that Blank______. Multiple choice question.

inhibits mutation of genes on the X chromosome prevents one of the two X chromosomes of the mother from being passed to her daughter
keeps the X chromosomes from duplicating
causes females to have levels of expression of X-linked genes that are similar to males

causes females to have levels of expression of X-linked genes that are similar to males

A female mammal expresses the paternal X chromosome genes in some cells and the maternal X chromosome genes in other cells. She is, therefore, a(n) for expression of most genes on the X chromosome.

mosaic

The coat colors of tortoiseshell and calico cats is the result of: Multiple choice question. codominance. incomplete dominance. Mendelian inheritance. X inactivation.

X inactivation

X-inactivation is an epigenetic change. True false question. True False Need help?

true

You happen to observe a rare male calico cat. What would you expect its genotype to be? Multiple choice question. XBXBY XBXbY XBYY XBbY XBXb

XBXbY

The sex of an individual can be determined via the process of X inactivation simply by counting the number ______of bodies per cell.

Barr

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder. A female carrier for hemophilia A Blank______. Multiple choice question. will always suffer from the disease may suffer from mild symptoms will never suffer from the disease

may suffer from mild symptoms

The consequences of X inactivation on the phenotype are the same regardless of genotype. True false question. True False

false

What is the description used for a carrier of an X-linked recessive trait who expresses the phenotype? Multiple choice question. Symptomatic heterozygote Mosaic heterozygote Manifesting heterozygote Active heterozygote

manifesting heterozygote

Females are limited to expressing only one of the two alleles for genes on the X chromosome via a mechanism called _______ _________.

X inactivation

Deficiencies of specific enzymes that normally dismantle cellular debris in lysosomes are known as lysosomal Blank______ disorders. Multiple choice question. storage biochemical imprinting autoimmune

storage

X inactivation causes the distinctive coat color of this ______cat.

calico

Before widespread vaccination for COVID-19, there was an apparent sex bias in death rate from the disease as males with COVID-19 had a death rate of approximately _____________times that of females with COVID-19.

1.4 times

Calico cats are always female. True false question. True False

false

The mechanism of genomic imprinting is facilitated mainly by the presence ______of groups on the gene that is silenced.

methyl group

A condition associated with an X-linked recessive gene can be expressed if the normal allele is inactivated in the tissues that the illness affects in a female who has a Blank______ genotype. Multiple choice question. heterozygous homozygous hemizygous nullizygous

heterozygous

For an imprinted gene, the copy inherited from either the mother or the father is functional, and not both copies. True false question. True False

true

A carrier for an X-linked trait who expresses the phenotype, such as a heterozygote for hemophilia A or B, is called a(n) heterozygote.

manifesting

During which process are the genetic imprints on chromosomes removed and reset? Multiple choice question. Meiosis Both meiosis and mitosis Mitosis Apoptosis

meiosis

Which of the following are lysosomal storage diseases? Multiple select question. Hunter syndrome Huntington disease Klinefelter syndrome Fabry disease Fragile X syndrome

hunter syndrome and fabry disease

X-inactivation plays a role in the severity of COVID-19. True false question. True False

true

Genomic imprinting can explain Blank______, in which an individual is known to have inherited a genotype associated with a particular phenotype, but has no signs of the trait. Multiple choice question. sex-influenced traits epistatic inheritance sex-limited traits incomplete penetrance

incomplete penetrance

Methyl groups cover a gene or several linked genes and prevent them from being accessed to synthesize protein in Blank______. Multiple choice question. chromatin remodeling epigenetic programming genomic imprinting metabolic imprinting

genomic imprinting

In humans, two imprinting diseases arise from small deletions in the same region of chromosome 15: _____syndrome and ______ - ______syndrome.

angelman, prader-willi

Genomic imprinting is the phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed Blank______. Multiple choice question. in a manner based on X inactivation only in the embryonic stage of prenatal development depending entirely on the environment in a parent-of-origin-specific manner

in a parent of origin specific manner

Prader-Willi syndrome is most likely caused by a Blank______. Multiple choice question. maternal deletion in chromosome 15 paternal deletion in chromosome 21 maternal deletion in chromosome 21 paternal deletion in chromosome 15

paternal deletion in chromosome 15

The methyl groups shielding their imprinted genes are stripped away and new patterns are set down as Blank______ form through the process of Blank______. Multiple choice question. somatic cells; mitosis gametes; mitosis somatic cells; meiosis gametes; meiosis

gametes, meiosis

Huntington disease (HD) has a younger age of onset, with a faster progression and more severe symptoms, if a person Blank______. Multiple choice question. inherits the mutation from his or her mother
has a skewed X inactivation pattern
has an abnormal genomic imprinting pattern
inherits the mutation from his or her father

inherits the mutation from his or her father

Deficiencies of specific enzymes that normally dismantle cellular debris in lysosomes are known as lysosomal Blank______ disorders. Multiple choice question. storage imprinting biochemical autoimmune

storage

Identify an area where genomic imprinting is an important concern. Multiple choice question. Sex chromosome makeup Gender identification Assisted reproduction Treatment of pattern baldness

assisted reproduction

hich of the following syndromes are associated with genomic imprinting? Multiple select question. Angelman syndrome Hunter syndrome Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome

angelman and prader-willi syndrome

A child born with an imprinting disorder is small at birth and in infancy has difficulty gaining weight. However, by the age of 3, the child develops an obsession with eating and a has very slow metabolism. Which disorder does the child have? Multiple choice question. Angelman syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome Noonan syndrome

prader-willi syndrome

Increased risk of Noonan syndrome is associated with an older father. This paternal age effect happens because the mutation occurs in ____cells that give rise to sperm.

stem

Huntington disease (HD) has a younger age of onset, with a faster progression and more severe symptoms, if a person Blank______. Multiple choice question. has a skewed X inactivation pattern inherits the mutation from his or her mother inherits the mutation from his or her father has an abnormal genomic imprinting pattern

inherits the mutation from his or her father