Unit 2 Review: All terms

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29 Terms

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ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate - an immediately available source of energy cells use to do work

<p>Adenosine Triphosphate - an immediately available source of energy cells use to do work</p>
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Carbon dioxide

CO2 - Plants use carbon dioxide to make glucose during photosynthesis.

<p>CO2 - Plants use carbon dioxide to make glucose during photosynthesis.</p>
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cellular respiration

the process of breaking glucose to create ATP

<p>the process of breaking glucose to create ATP</p>
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Chemical energy

energy stored in chemical bonds

<p>energy stored in chemical bonds</p>
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Chloroplast

an organelle in the plant cell that converts light energy into chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.

<p>an organelle in the plant cell that converts light energy into chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.</p>
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glucose

sugar molecule made of: 6 Carbons, 12 Hydrogens, and 6 Oxygens

Glucose = stored chemical energy

<p>sugar molecule made of: 6 Carbons, 12 Hydrogens, and 6 Oxygens</p><p>Glucose = stored chemical energy</p>
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Light energy

A form of electromagnetic radiation that travels in waves and can be seen by the human eye. Light is made of many photons ("particles") moving in different waves of energy (seen as different colours)

<p>A form of electromagnetic radiation that travels in waves and can be seen by the human eye. Light is made of many photons ("particles") moving in different waves of energy (seen as different colours)</p>
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mitochondria

an organelle in a cell that produces ATP. This is where cellular respiration takes place.

<p>an organelle in a cell that produces ATP. This is where cellular respiration takes place.</p>
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Oxygen

O2

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Photosynthesis

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

<p>the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.</p>
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Water

H20

<p>H20</p>
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Chlorophyll

green pigment in a chloroplast that absorbs light energy during the light reactions of photosynthesis

<p>green pigment in a chloroplast that absorbs light energy during the light reactions of photosynthesis</p>
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Organic compound

a compound made by living organisms that contains carbon - hydrogen bonds

<p>a compound made by living organisms that contains carbon - hydrogen bonds</p>
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Inorganic compound

a compound that exists separately from living organisms and does not contain a carbon - hydrogen bond

<p>a compound that exists separately from living organisms and does not contain a carbon - hydrogen bond</p>
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Stoma (stomata)

a hole-like structure found in leaves and stems of plants. Stomata control the rate of gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere by opening and closing.

<p>a hole-like structure found in leaves and stems of plants. Stomata control the rate of gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere by opening and closing.</p>
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starch

a string (polymer) of glucose molecules

<p>a string (polymer) of glucose molecules</p>
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carbohydrate

a biomolecule (organic compound) made of simple or complex sugars. Carbohydrates supply energy to the body, such as sugar and starch.

<p>a biomolecule (organic compound) made of simple or complex sugars. Carbohydrates supply energy to the body, such as sugar and starch.</p>
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biomolecule

a chemical compound found in living organisms

<p>a chemical compound found in living organisms</p>
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activation energy

the minimum amount of energy that must be provided to break covalent bonds in reactants so that a chemical reaction occurs.

<p>the minimum amount of energy that must be provided to break covalent bonds in reactants so that a chemical reaction occurs.</p>
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active site

a space in the enzyme that fits the substrate shape exactly. Or: the part of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and a chemical reaction takes place

<p>a space in the enzyme that fits the substrate shape exactly. Or: the part of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and a chemical reaction takes place</p>
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catalyst

a molecule that lowers the activation energy required for reactions

<p>a molecule that lowers the activation energy required for reactions</p>
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endothermic

a chemical reaction where the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products. (it 'sucks up' heat from the area around it)

<p>a chemical reaction where the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products. (it 'sucks up' heat from the area around it)</p>
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enzyme

a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions

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exothermic

a chemical reaction where the reactants releases energy (heat) to the surroundings (it gives off heat to the area around it)

<p>a chemical reaction where the reactants releases energy (heat) to the surroundings (it gives off heat to the area around it)</p>
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product

a substance that is formed from a chemical reaction

<p>a substance that is formed from a chemical reaction</p>
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reactant

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction

<p>a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction</p>
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substrate

a molecule that an enzyme reacts with (the reactant in the reaction the enzyme helps)

<p>a molecule that an enzyme reacts with (the reactant in the reaction the enzyme helps)</p>
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What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? (What are the inputs and outputs?)

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What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? (What are the inputs and outputs?)

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