Penny Book: ABD

Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following locations except:

a. liver

b. renal pelvis

c. urinary bladder

d. ureter

a

A patient with cholecystitis most likely has an elevation in which of the following labs?

a. AFP

b. WBC count

c. LDH

d. chromaffin

b

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in the:

a. Kidney

b. Liver

c. Testicle

d. Adrenal gland

d

What is a substance produced by a cancerous tumor or an organ or structure in response to cancer?

a. Oncocyte

b. Tumor marker

c. Lymphadenopathy

d. Homeostatin

b

The pheochromocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in the:

a. Testicle

b. Thyroid gland

c. Adrenal gland

d. Liver

c

A tumor that is of similar echotexture to normal liver tissue is discovered in the liver of an asymptomatic patient. What is the echogenicity of the tumor?

a. Echogenic

b. Hypoechoic

c. Isoechoic

d. Hypodense

c

Which of the following is not considered to be an intraperitoneal organ?

a. Liver

b. Pancreas

c. Gallbladder

d. Spleen

b

Which of the following are not considered retroperitoneal organs?

a. Abdominal lymph nodes

b. Adrenal glands

c. Kidneys

d. Ovaries

d

What is another name for Morrison pouch?

a. Posterior right subhepatic space

b. Anterior subhepatic space

c. Posterior cul-de-sac

d. Anterior cul-de-sac

a

The hypernephroma may also be referred to as the:

a. Nephroblastoma

b. Neuroblastoma

c. Hepatocellular carcinoma

d. Renal cell carcinoma

d

A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles, describes:

a. Mirror image artifact

b. Posterior shadowing

c. Comet tail artifact

d. Ring-down artifact

d

The term cholangiocarcinoma denotes:

a. Bile duct carcinoma

b. Hepatic carcinoma

c. Pancreatic carcinoma

d. Splenic carcinoma

a

Which of the following occurs when the Doppler sampling rate (pulserepetition frequency) is not high enough to display the Doppler frequency shift?

a. Doppler noise

b. Aliasing

c. Mirror image

d. Twinkle artifact

b

The hepatoma is a:

a. Benign tumor of the spleen

b. Benign tumor of the liver

c. Malignant tumor of the pancreas

d. Malignant tumor of the liver

b

The hepatoblastoma is a:

a. Benign tumor of the pediatric liver

b. Malignant tumor of the adult liver

c. Malignant tumor of the pediatric liver

d. Malignant tumor of the pediatric adrenal gland

c

Which of the following is the space located between the pancreas and the stomach?

a. Morrison pouch

b. Lesser sac

c. Space of Retzius

d. Pouch of Douglas

b

Which of the following is another name for the Wilms tumor?

a. Nephroblastoma

b. Hepatoblastoma

c. Neuroblastoma

d. Hepatoma

a

An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in the:

a. Rectum

b. Gallbladder

c. Spleen

d. Pancreas

c

Which of the following is not an endocrine organ or structure?

a. Thymus

b. Pancreas

c. Thyroid

d. Spleen

d

Which of the following is an artifact that alters the echogenicity of a tendon?

a. Acoustic enhancement

b. Anisotropy

c. Ring-down artifact

d. Mirror image artifact

b

The gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the:

a. Pancreas

b. Adrenal gland

c. Stomach

d. Spleen

c

Of the list below, which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ?

a. Left kidney

b. Aorta

c. IVC

d. Liver

d

Which of the following is considered to be a malignant testicular neoplasm?

a. Neuroblastoma

b. Hepatoma

c. Yolk sac tumor

d. Hamartoma

c

Which of the following is caused by the bending of the ultrasound beam when it passes through an interface between two tissues with vastly dissimilar speeds of sound and the angle of the approach is not perpendicular?

a. Comet tail

b. Refraction

c. Reverberation

d. Acoustic enhancement

b

These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen.

a. Paracolic gutters

b. Periumbilical gutters

c. Greater gutters

d. Pericentric gutters

a

This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels, muscle, and fat.

a. Hemangioma

b. Angiomyolipoma

c. Oncocytoma

d. Lipoma

b

Which of the following is not a salivary gland?

a. Thyroid gland

b. Parotid gland

c. Submandibular gland

d. Sublingual gland

a

Which of the following is not a pediatric malignant tumor?

a. Hepatoblastoma

b. Neuroblastoma

c. Pheochromocytoma

d. Nephroblastoma

c

A tumor that consists of tissue from all three germ cell layers is the:

a. Pheochromocytoma

b. Hamartoma

c. Adrenal rest tumor

d. Teratoma

d

Which of the following laboratory values would be most helpful in evaluating a patient who has suffered from recent trauma?

a. WBC count

b. alpha-Fetoprotein

c. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

d. Hematocrit

d

The insulinoma is a:

a. Malignant pediatric adrenal tumor

b. Benign pancreatic tumor

c. Malignant pediatric tumor

d. Benign liver tumor

b

A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the:

a. Hematoma

b. Hepatoma

c. Lymphoma

d. Granuloma

d

A tumor that consists of a focal collection of blood best describes the:

a. Hematoma

b. Hamartoma

c. Lipoma

d. Angiomyolipoma

a

Which of the following is a tumor marker that may be used in cases of suspected testicular malignancy?

a. BUN

b. Creatinine

c. Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG)

d. Calcitonin

c

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the:

a. Cholangiocarcinoma

b. Yolk sac tumor

c. Teratoma

d. Insulinoma

a

What is the artifact most likely encountered posterior to a gallstone?

a. Acoustic enhancement

b. Shadowing

c. Ring-down

d. Reverberation

b

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cancer is termed:

a. Transudate ascites

b. Chromaffin ascites

c. Peritoneal ascites

d. Exudate ascites

d

Which of the following is not a rule of surgical asepsis?

a. If you recognize that an item has become nonsterile, act immediately.

b. If one sterile person must pass another, they must pass face-to-face.

c. A sterile field must never be left unmonitored. If a sterile field is left unattended, it is considered nonsterile.

d. A sterile person does not lean across a sterile field.

b

Which of the following occurs behind strong, granular, and irregular surfaces like crystals, calculi, or calcifications such as a kidney stone?

a. Twinkle artifact

b. Refraction

c. Anisotropy

d. Side lobes

a

Which of the following has both an endocrine and an exocrine function?

a. Adrenal glands

b. Spleen

c. Pancreas

d. Duodenum

c

Which of the following benign liver masses is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar?

a. Hepatoblastoma

b. Cavernous hemangioma

c. Hamartoma

d. Focal nodular hyperplasia

d

The covering of the liver is referred to as:

a. Glisson capsule

b. Gerota fascia

c. Morison pouch

d. Hepatic fascia

a

The left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by the:

a. Right hepatic vein

b. Middle hepatic vein

c. Left hepatic vein

d. Falciform ligament

b

The TIPS shunt is placed:

a. Between the main hepatic artery and main portal vein

b. Between a portal vein and hepatic vein

c. Between the common hepatic duct and common bile duct

d. Between a portal vein and hepatic artery

b

The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the:

a. Middle lobar fissure

b. Middle hepatic vein

c. Right hepatic vein

d. Left hepatic vein

c

The right intersegmental fissure contains the:

a. Right hepatic vein

b. Middle hepatic vein

c. Left portal vein

d. Right portal vein

a

The main portal vein divides into:

a. Middle, left, and right branches

b. Left and right branches

c. Anterior and posterior branches

d. Medial and lateral branches

b

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the:

a. Medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

b. Medial and posterior segments of the right lobe

c. Anterior and medial segments of the left lobe

d. Anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe

a

The main lobar fissure contains the:

a. Right hepatic vein

b. Middle hepatic vein

c. Main portal vein

d. Right portal vein

b

All of the following are located within the porta hepatis except:

a. Main portal vein

b. Common bile duct

c. Hepatic artery

d. Middle hepatic vein

d

Right-sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the:

a. Abdominal aorta

b. IVC and hepatic veins

c. IVC and portal veins

d. Portal veins and spleen

b

Which of the following is typically transmitted through contaminated water found in places such as Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, India, and Africa?

a. Amebic liver abscess

b. Hydatid liver cyst

c. Candidiasis

d. Hepatoma

a

The right portal vein divides into:

a. Middle, left, and right branches

b. Left and right branches

c. Anterior and posterior branches

d. Medial and lateral branches

c

The diameter of the portal vein should not exceed:

a. 4 mm

b. 8 mm

c. 10 mm

d. 13 mm

d

The right lobe of the liver can be divided into:

a. Medial and lateral segments

b. Medial and posterior segments

c. Anterior and medial segments

d. Anterior and posterior segments

d

Which of the following is true about the portal veins?

a. Portal veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the liver.

b. Portal veins have brighter walls than the hepatic veins.

c. Portal veins should demonstrate hepatofugal flow.

d. Portal veins increase in diameter as they approach the diaphragm

b

The left lobe of the liver can be divided into:

a. Medial and lateral segments

b. Medial and posterior segments

c. Anterior and medial segments

d. Anterior and posterior segments

a

Normal flow within the hepatic artery should demonstrate a:

a. High-resistance wave form pattern, with a slow upstroke, and gradual deceleration with diastole

b. Low-resistance wave form pattern, with a quick upstroke, and gradual deceleration with diastole

c. Low-resistance wave form pattern, with a slow upstroke, and gradual acceleration with diastole

d. High-resistance wave form patter, with a quick upstroke, and gradual deceleration with diastole

b

Budd–Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the:

a. Hepatic arteries

b. Portal veins

c. Hepatic veins

d. Common bile duct

c

A tonguelike extension of the right lobe of the liver is termed:

a. Papillary lobe

b. Focal hepatomegaly

c. Riedel lobe

d. Morison lobe

c

The left portal vein divides into:

a. Middle, left, and right branches

b. Left and right branches

c. Anterior and posterior branches

d. Medial and lateral branches

d

The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the:

a. Falciform ligament

b. Main lobar fissure

c. Ligamentum teres

d. Ligamentum venosum

c

Normal flow within the hepatic veins is said to be:

a. Biphasic

b. Irregular

c. High resistant

d. Triphasic

d

The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as:

a. Papillary process

b. Focal hepatomegaly

c. Riedel process

d. Morison lobe

a

Which of the following is the most common reason for a liver transplant?

a. Hepatocellular carcinoma

b. Hepatitis C

c. Hepatitis B

d. Hepatic metastasis

b

Clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include:

a. Elevated liver function tests

b. Fever

c. Fatigue

d. Weight loss

a

Shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the:

a. Falciform ligament

b. Main lobar fissure

c. Ligamentum teres

d. Ligamentum venosum

d

Sonographically, when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative of:

a. Portal vein thrombosis

b. Metastatic liver disease

c. Primary liver carcinoma

d. Fatty liver disease

d

The most common cause of cirrhosis is:

a. Portal hypertension

b. Hepatitis

c. Alcoholism

d. Cholangitis

c

Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except:

a. Jaundice

b. Fever

c. Chills

d. Pericholecystic fluid

c

What form of hepatic abnormality are immunocompromised patients more prone to develop?

a. Hepatic adenoma

b. Amebic abscess

c. Hydatid liver abscess

d. Candidiasis

d

All of the following are sequela of cirrhosis except:

a. Portal vein thrombosis

b. Hepatic artery contraction

c. Portal hypertension

d. Splenomegaly

b

Normal flow toward the liver in the portal veins is termed:

a. Hepatopetal

b. Hepatofugal

a

Which of the following masses would be most worrisome for malignancy?

a. Echogenic mass

b. Cystic mass with posterior enhancement

c. Isoechoic mass with a central scar

d. Hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

d

Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer?

a. Hepatocellular carcinoma

b. Adenocarcinoma

c. Metastatic liver disease

d. Hepatoblastoma

c

Which hepatic mass is closely associated with oral contraceptive use?

a. Hepatic adenoma

b. Hepatic hypernephroma

c. Hepatic hamartoma

d. Hepatic hemangioma

a

Which of the following is considered the most common benign childhood hepatic mass?

a. Hepatoblastoma

b. Hepatoma

c. Hematoma

d. Hemangioendothelioma

d

All of the following are clinical findings of HCC except:

a. Reduction in AFP

b. Unexplained weight loss

c. Fever

d. Cirrhosis

a

The childhood syndrome Beckwith–Weidemann is associated with an increased risk for developing:

a. Hepatoblastoma

b. Cirrhosis

c. Portal hypertension

d. Hepatitis

a

Which of the following is associated with E. granulosus?

a. Candidiasis

b. Amebic liver abscess

c. Hydatid liver cyst

d. Hepatocellular carcinoma

c

Hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder:

a. Perforates

b. Becomes hydropic

c. Fills with sludge

d. Undergoes torsion

c

A 71-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and an enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for:

a. Acute cholecystitis

b. Chronic cholecystitis

c. Courvoisier gallbladder

d. Porcelain gallbladder

c

The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the:

a. Fibromuscular layer

b. Mucosal layer

c. Serosal layer

d. Muscularis layer

b

Which of the following would not be a laboratory finding typically analyzed with suspected gallbladder disease?

a. ALP

b. ALT

c/.Bilirubin

d. Alpha-Fetoprotein

d

The cystic artery is most often a direct branch of the:

a. Main pancreatic artery

b. Celiac artery

c. Right hepatic artery

d. Left hepatic artery

c

The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the:

a. Fibromuscular layer

b. Mucosal layer

c. Serosal layer

d. Muscularis layer

a

Which structure is a useful landmark for identifying the gallbladder?

a. Main lobar fissure

b. Hepatoduodenal ligament

c. Falciform ligament

d. Ligamentum venosum

a

Which of the following would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder wall thickening?

a. Gallbladder polyp

b. Adenomyomatosis

c. Ascites

d. Adhered gallstone

c

What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract?

a. Estrogen

b. Cholecystokinin

c. Bilirubin

d. Biliverdin

b

The gallbladder wall should measure not more than:

a. 5 mm

b. 6 mm

c. 4 mm

d. 3 mm

d

Which of the following is associated with cholelithiasis and is characteristically found in Africans or people of African descent?

a. Sickle cell disease

b. Gallbladder torsion

c. Cholesterolosis

d. Arland–Berlin syndrome

a

The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the:

a. Cholecystic artery

b. Common hepatic artery

c. Main portal vein

d. Cystic artery

d

The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the:

a. Fibromuscular layer

b. Mucosal layer

c. Serosal layer

d. Muscularis layer

c

Which part of the gallbladder is involved in Hartmann pouch?

a. Neck

b. Fundus

c. Body

d. Phrygian cap

a

The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the:

a. Common hepatic duct

b. Common bile duct

c. Cystic duct

d. Right hepatic duct

c

At which level of the gallbladder is the junctional fold found?

a. Neck

b. Fundus

c. Body

d. Phrygian cap

a

Empyema of the gallbladder denotes:

a. Gallbladder hydrops

b. Gallbladder filled with pus

c. Gallbladder completely filled with air

d. Gallbladder completely filled with polyps

b

What is/are cholelithiasis?

a. Inflammation of the gallbladder

b. Gallstones

c. Hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall

d. Polyps within the biliary tree

b

The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with:

a. Cholesterolosis

b. Adenomyomatosis

c. Cholangitis

d. Kawasaki disease

a

The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the:

a. Phrygian cap

b. Hartmann pouch

c. Septated gallbladder

d. Junctional fold

a